Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (8/93)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

has the option to proceed or withdraw so long as they have not separated and are still together.” (1) And he said: “None of you should sell over the sale of another.” (2) There are many hadiths on this subject.

As for scholarly consensus, it is necessarily known to be part of the religion of Islam.

As for sound reasoning, a person needs the worldly goods in another person’s possession, and there is no means of obtaining them except through wrongdoing and forcibly taking them from him, or through sale.

It is therefore necessary for sales to be lawful, and so Allah—Exalted is He—made them lawful. The lawfulness of sales demonstrates the comprehensiveness of Islamic law and that it is not, as its enemies claim, limited to regulating dealings between the Creator and the created. Rather, it regulates dealings between the Creator and the created, as well as dealings among created beings themselves. Its regulation of dealings among people is among the most important of matters, for without it, people would consume one another’s wealth and transgress against one another. Thus, it is part of the wisdom and required by the justice of Allah—Exalted is He—that dealings among people be regulated, lest they be left to their whims and aggression.

Moreover, the longest verse in the Book of Allah is the verse concerning debt, and it deals with transactions among people. So how can it be claimed that Islamic law regulates only the relationship between the Creator and the created? For this reason, one of the polytheists said to Salman

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Sales, chapter: “When Either Party Gives the Other an Option” (2112); and by Muslim in the Book of Sales, chapter: “Affirmation of the Option of the Session” (1531, no. 44), on the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Sales, chapter: “One Must Not Sell over His Brother’s Sale” (2139); and by Muslim in the Book of Marriage, chapter: “The Prohibition of Proposing over One’s Brother’s Proposal” (1412, no. 50), on the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both.

منهما بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا وكانا جميعاً» (١)، وقوله: «لا يبع أحدكم على بيع بعض» (٢)، والأحاديث في هذا كثيرة. وأما الإجماع فمعلوم بالضرورة من دين الإسلام. وأما النظر الصحيح فلأن الإنسان يحتاج لما في يد غيره من متاع الدنيا، ولا وسيلة إلى ذلك إلا بالظلم وأخذه منه قهراً، أو بالبيع. فلهذا كان من الضروري أن يَحِلَّ البيعُ فأحله الله ﷿، وفي حل البيع دليل على شمول الشريعة الإسلامية، وأنها ليست كما قال أعداؤها: لا تنظم إلا المعاملات التي بين الخالق والمخلوق، بل هي تنظم المعاملات بين الخالق والمخلوق، وبين المخلوقين بعضهم مع بعض، وتنظيمها للمعاملة بين المخلوقين بعضهم مع بعض من أهم الأمور؛ لأنه لولا ذلك لأكل الناس بعضهم بعضاً، واعتدى الناس بعضهم على بعض، فكان من الحكمة ومن مقتضى عدل الله ﷿ أن تنظم المعاملات بين الخلق؛ لئلا ترجع إلى أهوائهم وعدوانهم، ثم إن أطول آية في كتاب الله هي آية الدين، وهي في المعاملات بين الخلق فكيف يقال: إن الشريعة الإسلامية تنظم المعاملة بين الخالق والمخلوق فقط؟ ولهذا قال رجل من المشركين لسلمان

(١) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع/ باب إذا خير أحدهما صاحبه (٢١١٢)؛ ومسلم في البيوع/ باب ثبوت خيار المجلس (١٥٣١) (٤٤) عن ابن عمر ﵄. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع/ باب لا يبع على بيع أخيه (٢١٣٩)؛ وأخرجه مسلم في النكاح/ باب تحريم الخطبة على خطبة أخيه (١٤١٢) (٥٠) عن ابن عمر ﵄.