then, if you wish, say, “Sit in my place,” or, if you wish, sit down yourself.
Standing to receive a person means that one goes forward to meet the arrival and takes a few steps toward him. This is permissible. When Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh, may Allah be pleased with him, came for arbitration, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Rise to receive your leader” (1). Thus, he instructed them to rise to receive him as an honor.
As for standing over a person, it is not permissible, unless doing so enrages the polytheists. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited us from standing over one another as the non-Arabs stand over their kings (2). Indeed, when he led the prayer sitting down while they prayed standing behind him, he instructed them to sit (3), lest even the appearance of imitation be displayed in prayer. But if it enrages the polytheists, there is nothing wrong with it; rather, it may be praiseworthy and even commanded, as al-Mughirah ibn Shu‘bah, may Allah be pleased with him, did when he stood over the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, while Quraysh were negotiating with him during the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah (4). There is no doubt that this was praiseworthy, so that those disbelievers might see that the Muslims hold their leaders and prominent figures in high esteem.
Thus, standing for the People of the Covenant is prohibited and not permissible, even if the person is of high rank, such as a minister or a president. But if he is not one of the People of the Covenant and comes to a land of