Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The reason is clear: this is a single army proceeding in one direction, so they become partners.

His statement, “The one who unlawfully takes from the booty”: this is the person who conceals something of what he has taken as booty and keeps it for himself. Such misappropriation is among the major sins. Allah says:

“It is not for any prophet to act dishonestly regarding the spoils; whoever acts dishonestly will bring forth what he misappropriated on the Day of Resurrection.” [Āl ʿImrān 3:161]

The Prophet warned against this and explained that a person will come on the Day of Resurrection carrying whatever he unlawfully took—whether a sheep, a camel, or anything else—before all people. (1) It is therefore among the major sins. The Messenger also mentioned that a man had unlawfully taken a cloak and said: “...Indeed, the cloak which he took from the spoils on the day of Khaybar, before it had been apportioned, will be set ablaze as a fire upon him.” (2) We seek refuge with Allah.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari, Jihad, Chapter: Ghulul (misappropriation of war booty), no. 3073; and Muslim, Leadership, Chapter: The Stern Prohibition of Ghulul, no. 1831, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari, Oaths and Vows, Chapter: Do Land, Sheep, Crops, and Goods Fall under Oaths and Vows?, no. 6707; and Muslim, Faith, Chapter: The Stern Prohibition of Ghulul and That Only Believers Enter Paradise, no. 115, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him.
والعلة واضحة أن هذا جيش واحد انطلق في وجه واحد فصاروا شركاء. قوله: «والغال من الغنيمة» الغال من كتم شيئاً مما غنمه واختصه بنفسه، والغلول من كبائر الذنوب، وقد قال الله ﵎: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦١]، وحذر النبي ﷺ من ذلك وبين أن الإنسان يأت بما غل يوم القيامة إن كان شاة أو بعيراً أو أي شيء، يأتي به حاملاً إياه يوم القيامة على رؤوس الأشهاد (١)، فهو إذاً من الكبائر، حتى أن الرسول ﵊ ذكر أن رجلاً غل شملة فقال: « … إن الشملة التي أخذها يوم خيبر من المغانم لم تصبها المقاسم لتشتعل عليه ناراً» (٢)؛ والعياذ بالله.
(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد/ باب الغلول (٣٠٧٣)؛ ومسلم في الإمارة/ باب غلظ تحريم الغلول (١٨٣١) عن أبي هريرة ﵁. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأيمان والنذور/ باب هل يدخل في الأيمان والنذور الأرض والغنم والزرع والأمتعة (٦٧٠٧)؛ ومسلم في الإيمان/ باب غلظ تحريم الغلول وأنه لا يدخل الجنة إلا المؤمنون (١١٥) عن أبي هريرة ﵁.

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