Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (8/30)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

If someone were to ask: What do you say regarding warfare today? People do not fight on horses and camels; rather, they fight with aircraft, tanks, and the like.

The answer is: Each thing is analogized to what resembles it. Aircraft resemble horses because of their speed, and they are even greater in danger. Tanks, transport vehicles, and the like resemble camels. Thus, their owner receives one share and they receive two shares. As for the foot soldier who walks on his feet, such as snipers, he receives one share.

If someone were to ask: The pilot does not own the aircraft, so do you give him three shares?

We say: Yes, we give him three shares: one share for him and two shares for the aircraft. The two shares of the aircraft revert to the public treasury, because the aircraft is not owned by a particular individual; rather, it belongs to the government. If the ruler sees fit to give the two shares to the aircraft commander, there is no harm in that, for it encourages him in this dangerous work.

The army shares with its detachments in whatever they acquire as booty, and they share with it in whatever it acquires. The one who unlawfully takes from the booty has all his baggage burned, except for his weapons and his copy of the Quran.

His statement, “The army shares with its detachments in whatever they acquire as booty, and they share with it in whatever it acquires,” is because the army is one body. What is meant by its detachments are those which it dispatches after entering enemy territory. It has already been mentioned that a detachment may be sent out at the beginning of the fighting, or on the return journey after the fighting. Whatever booty the detachments acquire is added to the army’s booty, and likewise the army’s booty is added to that of the detachments. However, it has already been mentioned that the imam may grant an additional share of one-third on the return journey and one-fourth at the outset. Ibn al-Mundhir said: We have related that the Prophet said, “Their detachments are returned to those who remained behind.” (1)

(1) Amr ibn Shuayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The blood of Muslims is equal; the least of them may extend their protection, and the most remote of them may grant protection on their behalf. They stand as one against others; their strong return to their weak, and those sent out on expeditions return to those who remain behind.” Recorded by Imam Ahmad, 2:180; Abu Dawud, Jihad, Chapter: A Detachment Returns to the Members of the Army, no. 2751; Ibn Majah, Blood Money, Chapter: The Blood of Muslims Is Equal, no. 2685; Abd al-Razzaq, no. 9445; and Ibn al-Mundhir, al-Awsat, 11:151. Authenticated by al-Albani in al-Irwa, 7:265.

فإذا قال قائل: فماذا تقولون في حروب اليوم؟ فالناس لا يحاربون على خيل وإبل، بل بالطائرات والدبابات وما أشبهها؟. فالجواب: يقاس على كل شيء ما يشبهه، فالذي يشبه الخيل الطائرات؛ لسرعتها وتزيد ـ أيضاً ـ في الخطر، والذي يشبه الإبلَ الدباباتُ والنقلياتُ وما أشبهها، فهذه لصاحبها سهم ولها سهمان، والراجل الذي يمشي على رجله مثل القناصة له سهم واحد. فإن قال قائل: الطيار لا يملك الطائرة، فهل تجعلون له ثلاثة أسهم؟. نقول: نعم نجعل له ثلاثة أسهم سهم له وسهمان للطائرة، وسهما الطائرة يرجعان إلى بيت المال؛ لأن الطائرة غير مملوكة لشخص معين، بل هي للحكومة، وإذا رأى ولي الأمر أن يعطي السهمين لقائد الطائرة فلا بأس؛ لأن في ذلك تشجيعاً له على هذا العمل الخطير. وَيشَارِك الجَيْشُ سَرَايَاهُ فِيمَا غَنِمَت، وَيُشَارِكُونَهُ فِيمَا غَنِمَ. وَالغَالُّ مِن الغَنِيمَةِ يُحْرَقُ رَحْلُهُ كُلُّهُ إِلاَّ السِّلَاحَ وَالمُصْحَفَ. قوله: «ويشارك الجيش سراياه فيما غنمت ويشاركونه فيما غنم» لأن الجيش واحد، والمراد سراياه التي يبثها إذا دخل دار الحرب، وسبق أنه يمكن أن يبعث سرية في ابتداء القتال، وسرية في الرجوع بعد القتال، وما غنمته السرايا يضم إلى غنيمة الجيش، وكذلك غنائم الجيش تضم إلى غنائم السرايا، لكن سبق أن للإمام أن ينفل الثلث في الرجعة والربع في البدأة، قال ابن المنذر: روينا أن النبي ﷺ قال: «ترد سراياهم على قَعدهم» (١)،

(١) رواه عمرو بن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «المسلمون تتكافأ دماؤهم، ويسعى بذمتهم أدناهم، ويجير عليهم أقصاهم، وهم يد على من سواهم، ويرد مشدهم على مضعفهم، ومتسريهم على قاعدهم». أخرجه الإمام أحمد (٢/ ١٨٠)؛ وأبو داود في الجهاد/ باب في السرية ترد على أهل العسكر (٢٧٥١)؛ وابن ماجه في الديات/ باب المسلمون تتكافأ دماؤهم (٢٦٨٥)؛ وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٤٥)؛ وابن المنذر في «الأوسط» (١١/ ١٥١)، وصححه الألباني في «الإرواء» (٧/ ٢٦٥).