The Book of Jihad
The author’s statement: “The Book of Jihad.” Jihad is the verbal noun of the fourth-form verb jāhada. It means exerting one’s utmost effort to suppress the enemies of Islam through fighting and other means, so that the word of Allah may be supreme.
Jihad is divided into three categories: striving against one’s own soul; striving against the hypocrites; and striving against the openly hostile, obstinate disbelievers.
As for the first category:
It is striving against one’s own soul: compelling it to obey Allah and opposing it when it calls one to disobey Allah. This striving may be exceedingly difficult for a person, especially when he lives in a corrupt environment, for such an environment may overwhelm him until he violates the sacred limits set by Allah and abandons what Allah has made obligatory upon him. It has been related that, when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, returned from the expedition of Tabuk, he said: “We have returned from the lesser jihad to the greater jihad,” meaning, striving against one’s own soul. However, this hadith is not authentic (1).
As for the second category:
It is striving against the hypocrites, and it is carried out through knowledge, not through weapons, because the hypocrites are not fought. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was asked for permission to kill the hypocrites