Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (7/485)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

from their wealth and give them the sacrificial animal so that they may offer it and rejoice with the people? Or should we say: This is the property of orphans, and nothing may be given from it voluntarily?

The answer is the first: wealth is meant to serve a person. Thus, if these orphans’ hearts would be broken if a sacrificial sheep were not brought into their home and they did not eat meat along with the people, then a sacrifice should be offered on their behalf from their wealth.

His statement: “If he eats all of it except for an uqiyyah which he gives in charity, that is permissible; otherwise, he must compensate for it.” The pronoun refers to the sacrificial animal; that is, if he eats all of it and does not give in charity the amount of an uqiyyah, he must compensate for an uqiyyah. It is a known weight measure—a standard weight used for weighing. This is because Allah says:

“So eat of them and feed the wretched poor.”

That is, feed from them; the word “from” indicates that only a portion is required, and the smallest portion of the sacrificial animal qualifies as a part of it.

Some scholars said that if he gives in charity the minimum amount that may be termed meat, there is no harm in that. But if he eats all of it, then he must compensate for the minimum amount that may be called meat.

For example, a man sacrifices a sheep, puts all of it in the refrigerator, and eats it. We would say to him: You must now give in charity the minimum amount that may be called meat. So buy meat from the market and give it in charity, in fulfilment of the poor people’s right. But if he ate all of it except, for example, its upper foreleg, that would suffice, because the upper foreleg may be called meat.

It is forbidden for one offering a sacrifice to take anything from his hair or skin during the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah.

His statement: “It is forbidden for one offering a sacrifice to take anything from his hair or skin during the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah.” A prohibited act is one which a person is rewarded for refraining from for Allah’s sake, while, if he does it, he deserves punishment for doing so.

من أموالهم وندفع لهم الأضحية ليضحوا بها ويفرحوا مع الناس؟ أو نقول هذه أموال يتامى لا يجوز أن يتبرع منها بشيء؟ الجواب: الأول؛ لأن المال يخدم الإنسان، فإذا كان هؤلاء اليتامى لو لم تدخل عليهم شاة الأضحية، ولم يأكلوا اللحم مع الناس، لانكسرت قلوبهم فإنه يضحى عنهم من مالهم. قوله: «وإن أكلها إلا أوقية تصدق بها جاز وإلا ضمنها»، الضمير «ها» يعود على الأضحية، أي أكلها كلها ولم يتصدق بمقدار أوقية، فإنه يضمن الأوقية، وهي معيار معروف صنجة يوزن بها. لأن الله قال: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ﴾، أي: وأطعموا منها، ومن للتبعيض، وأدنى جزء من الأضحية يصدق عليه أنه بعض. وقال بعض العلماء: إن تصدق بها إلا أقل ما يقع عليه اسم اللحم، فإنه لا حرج عليه، ولكن لو أكلها جميعاً فإنه يضمن أقل ما يقع عليه اسم اللحم. مثال ذلك: رجل ضحى بشاة وجعلها في الثلاجة كلها، وأكلها، نقول له الآن: يجب عليك أن تتصدق بأقل ما يقع عليه اسم اللحم، فاشتر لحماً من السوق، وتصدق به من أجل حق الفقراء، فإن أكلها إلا عضدها ـ مثلاً ـ أجزأه ذلك؛ لأن العضد يقع عليه اسم اللحم. وَيَحْرُمُ عَلَى مَن يُضَحِّي أن يَأخُذَ فِي العَشْرِ مِن شَعْرِهِ أوْ بَشَرتِهِ شيئاً. قوله: «ويحرم على من يضحي أن يأخذ في العشر من شعره أو بشرته شيئاً»، الحرام من تركه لله أثيب، وإن فعله استحق العقاب على فعله.