Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (7/360)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

a sacrificial animal.” The pilgrim then goes and purchases a sacrificial animal for five hundred riyals and gives it in charity to the poor. Can we hold the mufti financially liable?

The answer is: Yes, we hold him liable, because he gave him a ruling without knowledge and obligated him to do something that Allah had not obligated him to do. One benefit of holding him liable is that a person who gives a ruling without knowledge today will never issue such a ruling again, and will not give a ruling on any matter unless he knows it or is reasonably confident that this is its ruling.

Whoever hastens his departure in two days must leave before sunset; otherwise, he must stay overnight and perform the stoning the following day. When he intends to leave Mecca, he must not depart until he has performed the Farewell Tawaf.

His statement, “Whoever hastens his departure in two days”: he used the wording of the verse, and how well he did so. Whenever a person is able to use the wording of the evidence, that is preferable, because it combines the issue with its proof. An example is the author’s—may Allah have mercy on him—statement: “When the prayer is called, there is no prayer except the obligatory prayer.” This is the wording of the text, and it is also the wording of the hadith (1). Whenever you are able to use the expressions found in the religious texts, that is better and safer from liability, and people will understand from them what they understand from the proof itself.

What is meant by the two days is the eleventh and twelfth days, as Allah Almighty says: “And remember Allah during the appointed days. Then whoever hastens his departure in two days...” [al-Baqarah 2:203] That is, two days from among these appointed days, which are the Days of Tashriq.

Some laypeople think that the words, “Then whoever hastens his departure in two days,” refer to the Day of Eid and the eleventh day, so they hasten their departure on the eleventh. But this is mistaken; no scholar has ever held this view. Rather, what is meant is whoever hastens his departure in two days out of these three Days of Tashriq.

(1) Its source has been cited previously, p. 276.

دم، فذهب الحاج واشترى دماً بخمسمائة ريال، وتصدق به على الفقراء، هل يمكن أن نقول بتضمين المفتي؟ الجواب: نعم نقول بتضمينه؛ لأنه هو الذي أفتاه بغير علم، وألزمه بما لم يلزمه الله به، ونحن نستفيد من هذا التضمين أن هذا الذي أفتى بغير علم اليوم لا يفتي بمثله أبداً، ولا يفتي بمسألة إلا وقد علمها أو غلب على ظنه أن هذا حكمها. وَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَينِ خَرجَ قَبْلَ الغُروب، وإِلاَّ لَزِمَه المَبِيتُ والرَّميُ مِن الغَدِ فَإِذَا أرادَ الخُرُوج مِنْ مَكَّةَ لَمْ يَخْرُج حَتَى يَطُوف لِلوَدَاعِ. قوله: «ومن تعجل في يومين»، أتى بلفظ الآية ونعم ما صنع، لأنه متى أمكن الإنسان أن يأتي بلفظ الدليل فهو أولى؛ لأنه يجمع بين المسألة ودليلها مثل قول الماتن ﵀: «وإذا أقيمت الصلاة فلا صلاة إلا المكتوبة»، فهذا لفظ المتن وهو أيضاً لفظ الحديث (١)، فمتى أمكنك الإتيان بالألفاظ الشرعية فهو خير وأسلم لذمتك، ويفهم الناس منها ما يفهمون من الدليل، والمراد باليومين الحادي عشر والثاني عشر؛ لقول الله تعالى: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٣]. أي: من هذه الأيام المعدودات، والأيام المعدودات هي أيام التشريق. وبعض العوام يظنون أن المراد بقوله: ﴿فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ﴾ يوم العيد والحادي عشر، فيتعجلون في الحادي عشر، ولكن هذا غلط، لم يقل به أحد من أهل العلم، وإنما المراد من تعجل في يومين من هذه الأيام الثلاثة أيام التشريق.

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (٢٧٦).