Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (7/214)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

that is permissible, since it seeks thereby to protect itself. It is lawful to eat, and its compensation is a four-month-old female kid (1).

“For a hare: a female kid; and for a dove: a sheep.”

His statement, “For a hare: a female kid.” This is smaller than the four-month-old female kid—that is, it is approximately three and a half months old. The hare is well known (2).

The jerboa weighs no more than a rabbit’s head, yet the compensation due for it is greater than that due for a hare, because the determining factor is resemblance.

His statement, “For a dove: a sheep.” The resemblance between a dove and a sheep lies only in the manner of drinking, not in bodily form or appearance (3).

All of these rulings were issued by the Companions. Some are narrated from a single Companion, while others are narrated from more than one.

If we encounter game concerning which the Companions issued no ruling, we appoint two upright and knowledgeable arbiters and ask: What kind of grazing livestock does this resemble? If they say such and such, we rule accordingly. But if we find neither a ruling previously issued by the Companions nor any similar animal among the livestock, then it is among those for which there is no equivalent, and the value of the game is due, whether that value is small or great.

Question: May a woman be one of the two arbiters?

Answer: No, because Allah says, “two just men from among you.”

(1)-(2) This has previously been reported from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him; see p. 212. (3) This is based on what al-Shafi'i recorded in al-Musnad (no. 861) and al-Bayhaqi (5/205): that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ruled that the compensation for a pigeon was a sheep. Ibn Hajar said in al-Talkhis (2/285): “Its chain of transmission is sound.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “For a pigeon in the Sacred Precinct, whether killed by one in ihram or by one not in ihram, the compensation for each pigeon is a sheep.” Recorded by al-Bayhaqi (5/205). It is stated in Irwa al-Ghalil (4/247): “Its chain of transmission is authentic.”

مباح يريد أن يحمي بذلك نفسه، وهو حلال، وفيه جفرة لها أربعة أشهر (١). وَالأَرْنَبِ عَنَاقٌ، وَالحَمَامَةِ شَاةٌ. قوله: «والأرنب عناق»، وهي أصغر من الجفرة، أي: لها ثلاثة أشهر ونصف تقريباً، والأرنب معروفة (٢). اليربوع زنته كرأس الأرنب، ومع ذلك الواجب فيه أكبر من الواجب في الأرنب؛ لأن المعول فيه على المماثلة. قوله: «والحمامةِ شاة»، وجه المشابهة في الحمامة للشاة في الشرب فقط، لا في الهيكل، أو الهيئة (٣). فهذا كله قضى به الصحابة، منه ما روي عن واحد من الصحابة ومنه ما روي عن أكثر من واحد. فإذا وجدنا شيئاً من الصيود لم تحكم به الصحابة، أقمنا حكمين عدلين خبيرين، وقلنا ما الذي يشبه هذا من بهيمة الأنعام؟ فإذا قالوا: كذا وكذا، حكمنا به وإذا لم نجد شيئاً محكوماً به من قبل الصحابة، ولا وجدنا شبهاً له من النعم، فيكون من الذي لا مثل له، وفيه قيمة الصيد قلَّت أم كثرت. مسألة: هل تدخل المرأة في الحَكَمَيْنِ؟ الجواب: لا تدخل؛ لأن الله قال: ﴿ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾.

(١) - (٢) سبق ذلك عن عمر ﵁، ص (٢١٢). (٣) لما روى الشافعي في «المسند» (٨٦١)؛ والبيهقي (٥/ ٢٠٥)، أن عمر ﵁ «حكم في الحمامة شاة»، قال ابن حجر في «التلخيص» (٢/ ٢٨٥): «إسناده حسن». وعن ابن عباس ﵄ «أنه جعل في حمامة الحرم على المحرم والحلال في كل حمامة شاة». أخرجه البيهقي (٥/ ٢٠٥)؛ وفي «إرواء الغليل» (٤/ ٢٤٧): «إسناده صحيح».