Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (7/182)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the saying of Allah Most High: “But if you are prevented, then offer whatever sacrificial animal is available.” [al-Baqarah 2:196] The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had brought sacrificial animals with him for the Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah (1), but the idolaters prevented him from entering Makkah out of pride and the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance, even though he had a greater right to it than they did. Allah Most High says:

“Yet they were not its guardians; its true guardians are only the righteous.” [al-Anfal 8:34]

Had an idolater come from the remotest land, from among the Arab tribes most distant from Banu Hashim and Quraysh, they would have opened the gates to him. But Allah granted His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, power over them, and he conquered it by force of arms. Had he not said, “Whoever enters the House is safe; whoever enters the mosque is safe; and whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan is safe” (2), the Companions would have killed them in the marketplaces.

Question: Must he also shave his head?

Answer: The apparent meaning of the author’s words is that shaving is not required of him. However, the sunnah indicates that it is obligatory, for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, commanded them to shave their heads. Yet they held back, hoping that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would not carry out the treaty concluded between him and Quraysh, since it appeared to be demeaning to the Muslims. Among its terms was that anyone from Quraysh who came to the Muslims as a Muslim had to be returned to them, whereas anyone from among the Muslims who went over to them did not have to be returned. This was a condition containing great humiliation for the Muslims. For this reason, some of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, objected, including Umar

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, al-Shurut (Conditions), “Chapter on Conditions in Jihad and Reconciliation with the People of War” (2731, 2732), on the authority of al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwan. (2) Reported by Muslim, al-Jihad (Jihad), “Chapter on the Conquest of Mecca” (1780), on the authority of Abu Hurayrah.

قوله تعالى: ﴿فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، وقد ساق النبي ﷺ الهدي معه في عمرة الحديبية (١)، ولكن منعه المشركون أنفة وحميَّة جاهلية، أن يدخل مكة، وهو أولى بها منهم، قال ـ تعالى ـ: ﴿وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ إِنْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ إِلاَّ الْمُتَّقُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٤] مع أنه لو جاء رجل مشرك من أقصى مكان ومن أبعد العرب عن بني هاشم أو قريش لفتحوا له الأبواب، ولكن الله ﷿ سلط رسوله ﷺ عليهم ففتحها عنوة بالسيف، ولولا أنه قال: «من دخل البيت فهو آمن، ومن دخل المسجد فهو آمن، ومن دخل دار أبي سفيان فهو آمن» (٢)، لقتلهم الصحابة في الأسواق. مسألة: وهل عليه حلق؟ الجواب: ظاهر كلام المؤلف أنه لا حلق عليه، لكن السنة دلت على وجوب الحلق؛ لأن النبي ﷺ أمرهم أن يحلقوا، فتمنَّعوا رجاء ألا ينفذ النبي ﷺ الصلح الذي جرى بينه وبين قريش؛ لأن ظاهره الغضاضة على المسلمين؛ لأن من جملة الشروط أن من جاء منهم مسلماً وجب على المسلمين رده، ومن ذهب من المسلمين إليهم لم يجب عليهم رده، وهذا شرط فيه غضاضة عظيمة على المسلمين، ولهذا عارض من عارض من الصحابة ﵃، ومن جملتهم عمر

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الشروط/ باب الشروط في الجهاد والمصالحة مع أهل الحرب (٢٧٣١) (٢٧٣٢) عن المسور بن مخرمة ومروان ﵄. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الجهاد/ باب فتح مكة (١٧٨٠) عن أبي هريرة ﵁.