Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (7/181)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

to your families. Reports also indicate that what is meant is returning to one’s family. Nevertheless, many scholars have said: If he fasts them after completing all the rites of Hajj, there is no harm in this, because once he is permitted to return to his family, he is likewise permitted to fast them.

If one who has been prevented from completing his pilgrimage cannot find a sacrificial offering, he must fast ten days and then exit the state of consecration. Sexual intercourse in the vagina during Hajj entails the sacrifice of a camel, and during Umrah, a sheep. If his wife willingly complies with him, the same becomes binding upon her.

His statement, “If one who has been prevented from completing his pilgrimage cannot find a sacrificial offering, he must fast ten days”: the author, may Allah have mercy on him, omitted an explicit mention of the sacrificial offering, even though it is established by the explicit text of the Quran. Thus, the obligation of an offering is understood from the author’s words—not expressly, but by necessary implication—when he says, “if he cannot find a sacrificial offering.” The one who has been prevented must offer a sacrifice by the explicit text of the Quran. Allah Most High says:

“Complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then offer whatever sacrificial animal is available.” [al-Baqarah 2:196]

“If you are prevented” means: prevented from completing the rite of Hajj or Umrah. “Then whatever is available”: the word “whatever” is a relative pronoun functioning grammatically as the subject, while its predicate is omitted and understood to be: upon you. Thus, if a person is prevented from completing his rite, he must offer whatever sacrificial animal is available.

What is meant is the well-known legally prescribed sacrificial offering: it must be from the livestock animals, have reached the age stipulated in the Sacred Law, and be free of defects that prevent it from being valid.

Question: Where and when is the sacrificial offering slaughtered?

He slaughters it when and where he is prevented. The evidence for this is

(1) Such as the Prophet's saying: “Whoever cannot find a sacrificial animal should fast three days during Hajj and seven when he returns to his family.” Reported by al-Bukhari, Hajj, “Chapter on One Who Drives the Sacrificial Animals” (1691); and Muslim, Hajj, “Chapter on the Obligation of a Sacrificial Offering for the Tamattu Pilgrim” (1227), on the authority of Ibn Umar.

إلى أهلكم، وجاءت بذلك الآثار (١) أن المراد الرجوع إلى الأهل، ولكن مع ذلك قال كثير من العلماء: لو صامها بعد فراغ أعمال الحج كلها فلا بأس؛ لأنه جاز له الرجوع إلى الأهل فجاز له صومها. وَالمُحْصَرُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدياً صَامَ عَشَرَةً ثُمَّ حَلَّ وَيَجِبُ بِوَطْءٍ فِي فَرْجٍ فِي الحَجِّ بَدَنَةٌ، وَفِي العُمْرةِ شَاة. وَإِنْ طَاوَعَتْهُ زَوْجَتُهُ لَزِمَهَا. قوله: «والمحصر إذا لم يجد هدياً صام عشرة»، المؤلف ﵀ طوى ذكر التصريح بالهدي مع أنه موجود بنص القرآن، ففهم وجوب الهدي من كلام المؤلف، لا بالتصريح لكن باللازم؛ لقوله: «إذا لم يجد هدياً»، فالمحصر يجب عليه الهدي بنص القرآن، قال تعالى: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالَعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] ﴿أُحْصِرْتُمْ﴾، أي: منعتم من إتمام النسك الحج أو العمرة، ﴿فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ﴾ «ما» هذه موصولة إعرابها مبتدأ، والخبر محذوف والتقدير فعليكم، فإذا أحصر الإنسان ومنع من إتمام نسكه، فعليه ما استيسر من الهدي. والمراد الهدي الشرعي المعروف، بأن يكون من بهيمة الأنعام، وبالغاً للسن المقدر شرعاً، وسليماً من العيوب المانعة من الإجزاء. مسألة: أين يذبح الهدي ومتى؟ يذبحه عند الإحصار، وفي مكان الإحصار، ودليل ذلك

(١) كقوله ﷺ: «فمن لم يجد هدياً فليصم ثلاثة أيام في الحج، وسبعة إذا رجع إلى أهله». أخرجه البخاري في الحج/ باب من ساق البدن (١٦٩١)؛ ومسلم في الحج/ باب وجوب الدم على المتمتع (١٢٢٧) عن ابن عمر ﵄.