Chapter: Matters That Invalidate Ablution

Ablution is invalidated by anything that emerges from either passage …

Invalidators is the plural of an invalidator, because nāqiḍ (invalidator) is an active participle used for non-rational entities, and the active participle for non-rational entities is pluralized according to the pattern fawāʿil.

Wuḍūʾ, with a dammah on the initial letter, means the purification by which ritual impurity is lifted; with a fathah, it means the water used for ablution. Similarly, ṭahūr, with a fathah, refers to that by which one purifies oneself, whereas with a dammah it refers to the act itself. Likewise, saḥūr, with a fathah, refers to that with which one eats the pre-dawn meal, whereas with a dammah it refers to the act itself—namely, eating.

The invalidators of ablution are those things which corrupt it; that is, matters which, when they occur, render it invalid.

There are two categories of invalidators:

The first is agreed upon: that which is established by the Book of Allah and the sunnah of His Messenger ﷺ.

The second is subject to disagreement: that which is based on the legal reasoning of the scholars.

When there is a dispute, it is obligatory to refer the matter back to the Book of Allah and the sunnah of His Messenger ﷺ.

His statement, “Ablution is invalidated by anything that emerges from either passage,” is the first of the invalidators of ablution.

His statement, “anything that emerges from either passage”: “anything” is a relative pronoun meaning “that which,” and it conveys generality. All relative pronouns convey generality, whether