It is not valid (1), because it goes against what the Sacred Law has prescribed. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever performs an act that is not in accordance with our matter shall have it rejected.” (2) Moreover, by washing, we turn a concession into a hardship. Some scholars said that washing is valid (3), because it is more thorough in cleansing; wiping was only prescribed as a relief.

Others took a middle position, saying: Washing is valid if he passes his hand over it (4), because passing the hand over it makes the washing akin to wiping. This is the more cautious view; however, limiting oneself to wiping is better and more appropriate.

Whenever part of the area that must be washed becomes exposed after ritual impurity, …

His statement, “Whenever part of the area that must be washed becomes exposed after ritual impurity”: the obligation concerning the foot is that it be washed up to the ankles. Thus, if any part of the foot that must be washed becomes exposed—for example, the ankle—or if the sock tears and the tip of the big toe or part of the heel becomes exposed, or if the turban slips beyond what is customarily allowed, then he must renew his purification, wash his feet, and wipe his head.

With regard to the turban, this is based on the view that purification is a condition for putting it on. According to the view that purification is not a condition for wearing the turban (474), he need only rewrap it and does not have to renew his purification.

With regard to the leather socks and similar coverings, this is based on the view that whatever becomes exposed—its ruling is