Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

during his i'tikaf, his stipulation would not be valid, because it permits what Allah has prohibited. Every condition that permits what Allah has prohibited is invalid, for the Prophet said: “Every condition that is not found in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if there are a hundred conditions.” (1)

It is recommended that he occupy himself with acts of devotion and avoid that which does not concern him.

His statement, “It is recommended that he occupy himself with acts of devotion,” means that it is recommended for the person observing i'tikaf to devote himself to acts of worship, such as reciting the Quran, remembrance of Allah, voluntary prayer at times when prayer is not prohibited, and the like. This is better than attending circles of knowledge—unless such circles are rare and he would not have the opportunity to attend them at another time. In that case, we may say that seeking knowledge is better than occupying oneself with individual acts of worship, so he should attend them, for this does not distract from the purpose of i'tikaf.

His statement, “and avoid that which does not concern him,” means that it is recommended for the person observing i'tikaf to avoid whatever does not concern him, whether words, actions, or anything else. This is a sunnah for him and for others as well. The Prophet said: “Part of a person’s excellence in Islam is leaving aside what does not concern him.” (2) This is part of a person’s excellence in Islam, good manners, and peace of mind: that he leave aside what does not concern him. As for investigating matters that do not concern him, this will only weary him.

Likewise, if he follows people’s affairs in matters that do not concern him, then part of a person’s excellence in Islam, good manners, and peace of mind is that he leave aside what does not concern him. For this reason,

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Sales, chapter: “When Conditions That Are Not Lawful Are Stipulated in a Sale” (2168); and Muslim in The Book of Manumission, chapter: “Clarifying That al-wala (the bond of clientage) belongs to the one who emancipates” (1504), on the authority of Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her. (2) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in The Book of Asceticism, chapter: “The Hadith: Part of a Person’s Excellent Islam...” (2317); and Ibn Majah in The Book of Tribulations, chapter: “Restraining the Tongue During Fitnah” (3976). Ibn Hibban authenticated it (229), on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. Al-Nawawi graded it hasan (sound) in al-Arba'in (The Forty Hadith), the twelfth hadith. See also Jami al-Ulum wal-Hikam (2:287).
في اعتكافه لم يصح شرطه؛ لأنه محلِّلٌ لما حرم الله، وكل شرط أحل ما حرم الله فهو باطل، لقول النبي ﷺ «كل شرط ليس في كتاب الله فهو باطل وإن كان مائة شرط» (١). وَيُسْتَحَبُ اشْتِغَالُهُ بالقُرَبِ، وَاجْتِنَابُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ. قوله: «ويستحب اشتغاله بالقرب» أي: يستحب للمعتكف أن يشتغل بالقرب، جمع قربة، ومراده العبادات الخاصة، كقراءة القرآن، والذكر، والصلاة في غير وقت النهي، وما أشبه ذلك، وهو أفضل من أن يذهب إلى حلقات العلم، اللهم إلا أن تكون هذه الحلقات نادرة، لا تحصل له في غير هذا الوقت، فربما نقول: طلب العلم في هذه الحال، أفضل من الاشتغال بالعبادات الخاصة، فاحضرها لأن هذا لا يشغل عن مقصود الاعتكاف. قوله: «واجتناب ما لا يعنيه» يستحب للمعتكف أن يجتنب ما لا يعنيه، أي: ما لا يهمه من قول أو فعل، أو غير ذلك وهذا سنة له، ولغيره، قال النبي ﷺ: «من حسن إسلام المرء تركه ما لا يعنيه» (٢) وهذا من حسن إسلام المرء، ومن حسن أدبه، ومن راحة نفسه أن يدع ما لا يعنيه، أما كونه يبحث عن شيء لا يعنيه فسوف يتعب. وكذلك أيضاً إذا كان يتتبع الناس في أمور لا تعنيه، فإن من حسن إسلام المرء، وأدبه، وراحته أن يدع ما لا يعنيه، ولهذا
(١) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع/ باب إذا اشترط في البيع شروطاً لا تحل (٢١٦٨)؛ ومسلم في العتق/ باب بيان أن الولاء لمن أعتق (١٥٠٤)؛ عن عائشة ﵂. (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد/ باب حديث من حسن إسلام المرء … (٢٣١٧)؛ وابن ماجه في الفتن/ باب كف اللسان في الفتنة (٣٩٧٦)؛ وصححه ابن حبان (٢٢٩) عن أبي هريرة ﵁، وحسنه النووي في الأربعين، الحديث الثاني عشر، وانظر جامع العلوم والحكم (٢/ ٢٨٧).

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