singling Saturday out for fasting. However, if it is joined with Friday, there is no harm, for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Juwayriyah, “Will you fast tomorrow?” This indicates that fasting Saturday together with Friday is unobjectionable.
This issue may be posed as a riddle: Which two days are such that fasting either one of them alone is disliked, but when they are combined there is no dislike? One might naturally assume that when one disliked matter is joined to another, the dislike becomes greater. Yet here, when the two disliked matters are joined, the dislike is removed. The answer is that what is disliked is singling either day out; if one fasts both days together, there is no dislike. If it is said that the hadith prohibiting fasting on Saturday is general and contains no distinction, the response is that when evidence comes that specifies a general text, it must be acted upon. Evidence has come indicating the permissibility of fasting it together with Friday, and this constitutes a specification.
His statement, “and doubt,” means that fasting on the Day of Doubt is disliked. The Day of Doubt is the thirtieth day of Sha‘ban, when there is something in the sky that prevents sighting the new moon, such as clouds or haze.
It has also been said that it is the thirtieth day of Sha‘ban when the sky is clear.
The first view is more correct, because when the sky is clear and people look for the new moon but do not see it, they are left with no doubt that the new moon has not appeared. Doubt arises only when there is something preventing the sighting of the new moon. However, because our jurists held that if, on the night preceding the thirtieth, clouds or haze prevent it from being seen, fasting that day is obligatory, they interpreted “doubt” as referring to the case where the sky is clear. This is a flaw to which some scholars resort. The reason for this flaw is that a person forms a conviction before examining the evidence, and this is mistaken. Rather, your conviction must follow the evidence: first examine the evidence, then pass judgment.