Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The stronger view is that fasting on Ashura by itself is not disliked.

If someone were to ask: Why is the tenth day the most emphatic of the days of Muharram?

The answer is that it was the day on which Allah saved Moses and his people, and destroyed Pharaoh and his people, as is authentically established from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. This hadith also indicates that time was reckoned among the previous nations by lunar months, not by the Gregorian calendar, for the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, informed us that the tenth day of Muharram was the day on which Allah destroyed Pharaoh and his people and saved Moses and his people. (1)

His statement, “and the first nine days of Dhu al-Hijjah,” means that fasting the first nine days of Dhu al-Hijjah is recommended.

The first nine days of Dhu al-Hijjah begin with its first day and end with the ninth day, which is the Day of Arafah. The pronunciation al-Hijjah, with a kasrah on the letter ha, is more eloquent than pronouncing it with a fathah; whereas the reverse is true of al-Qadah.

The evidence for their recommendation is the Prophet’s statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days.” (2) Fasting is among righteous deeds.

Two apparently conflicting hadiths have been narrated concerning these days: one stating that the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, did not fast these nine days, (3) and the other that he would

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Sawm (Fasting), chapter on fasting on the day of Ashura, no. 2004; and Muslim in al-Siyam (Fasting), chapter on fasting on the day of Ashura, no. 1130 (128). (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Eidayn (the Two Eids), chapter on the virtue of deeds during the days of al-Tashriq, no. 969, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. (3) Narrated by Muslim in al-Siyam (Fasting), chapter on fasting the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah, no. 1176, on the authority of Aishah.
والراجح أنه لا يكره إفراد عاشوراء. فإن قال قائل: ما السبب في كون يوم العاشر آكد أيام محرم؟ فالجواب أن السبب في ذلك أنه اليوم الذي نجى الله فيه موسى وقومه، وأهلك فرعون وقومه كما ثبت ذلك في الحديث الصحيح عن النبي ﷺ، وفي هذا الحديث دليل على أن التوقيت كان في الأمم السابقة بالأهلة، وليس بالشهور الأفرنجية، لأن الرسول ﷺ أخبر بأن اليوم العاشر من محرم هو اليوم الذي أهلك الله فيه فرعون وقومه ونجى موسى وقومه (١). قوله: «وتسع ذي الحجة» أي ويسن صوم تسع ذي الحجة. وتسع ذي الحجة تبدأ من أول أيام ذي الحجة، وتنتهي باليوم التاسع، وهو يوم عرفة، والحجة بكسر الحاء أفصح من فتحها وعكسها القعدة. ودليل استحبابها قول النبي ﷺ: «ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيهن أحب إلى الله من هذه الأيام العشر» (٢) والصوم من العمل الصالح. وقد ورد حديثان متعارضان في هذه الأيام، أحدهما أن الرسول ﷺ لم يكن يصوم هذه الأيام التسعة (٣)، والثاني أنه كان
(١) أخرجه البخاري في الصوم/ باب صوم يوم عاشوراء (٢٠٠٤)؛ ومسلم في الصيام/ باب صوم يوم عاشوراء (١١٣٠) (١٢٨). (٢) أخرجه البخاري في العيدين/ باب فضل العمل في أيام التشريق (٩٦٩) عن ابن عباس ﵄. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الصيام/ باب صوم عشر ذي الحجة (١١٧٦) عن عائشة ﵂.

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