His statement, “and ignorant conduct,” means foolishness and a lack of forbearance, such as clamour in the marketplaces, reviling people, and the like. This is why the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When one of you is fasting, let him not engage in clamour”—that is, let him not raise his voice; rather, he should be well mannered—“nor use obscene speech. If someone insults him or fights with him, let him say, ‘I am fasting.’” (1)
Thus, he ought to be well mannered. From this we recognize the profound wisdom behind the legislation of fasting. If we were brought up through this great discipline, we would emerge from Ramadan possessing noble character, steadfast commitment, good morals, and proper manners, for fasting is, in reality, a form of training.
Issue: Some of the early generations held that prohibited speech and prohibited actions invalidate the fast, such as backbiting. However, when Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about this and was told, “So-and-so says that backbiting breaks the fast,” he replied, “If it broke the fast, none of us would have any fasting left.”
The principle concerning this is that if something is prohibited within the act of worship itself, it invalidates it; but if its prohibition is general, it does not invalidate it. Thus, eating and drinking invalidate the fast, unlike backbiting. For this reason, the correct view is that prayer in an unlawfully appropriated garment, and prayer performed using unlawfully appropriated water, are valid, because the prohibition does not pertain to the prayer itself. The Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, did not say, “Do not pray in an unlawfully appropriated garment or with unlawfully appropriated water”; rather, the prohibition is general.
It is recommended for one who is insulted to say, “I am fasting,” …
His statement, “It is recommended for one who is insulted to say, ‘I am fasting,’” means that if someone insults him—that is, mentions a fault of his or disparages him in his presence, which is synonymous with reviling him—and likewise if