Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

His statement, “if it reaches his mouth,” refers to the point at which one can discern the taste of food. If the phlegm does not reach the mouth—for example, if he feels it descend from his head and go into his stomach—it does not invalidate the fast, because it has not reached the exterior of the body. The mouth is regarded as part of the exterior. Thus, if it reaches the mouth and he then swallows it, his fast is invalidated. But if it does not reach the mouth, it remains classified as internal and does not invalidate the fast.

There is another view in the school of law: that it does not invalidate the fast even if it reaches the mouth and he swallows it. This view is more preponderant, because it has not left the mouth, and swallowing it is not considered eating or drinking. Therefore, if he swallows it after it has reached his mouth, it does not invalidate his fast. However, before he does this, we say: Do not do it; avoid this matter, since the issue is as described. Phlegm is not like swallowing saliva; rather, it is a substance whose presence in the mouth is unusual. Saliva, by contrast, is different. The disagreement over whether phlegm invalidates the fast is stronger than the disagreement over whether all saliva invalidates it, and the matter is clear. Yet, as we said earlier, swallowing phlegm is forbidden because of its repulsiveness and the harm it may cause.

Question: If blood appears from his tongue, gums, or teeth, is it permissible for him to swallow it?

Answer: It is not permissible, whether for one who is fasting or otherwise, due to the generality of Allah’s statement: “Forbidden to you are carrion and blood” [al-Ma'idah 5:3]. If this occurs to a fasting person, it invalidates his fast. Therefore, a person must take care not to swallow blood that comes from a molar after it is extracted during the fast, or after it was extracted at night and blood continues to flow from it, for this blood invalidates his fast and is also forbidden.

“It is disliked to taste food without a need, or to chew strong gum. If he finds the taste of either in his throat, his fast is invalidated, …”

His statement, “It is disliked to taste food without a need,” means that it is disliked for a person to taste

وقوله: «إن وصلت إلى فمه» هو ما يتبين فيه ذوق الطعام، فإن لم تصل النخامة إليه بأن أحس بها نزلت من دماغه، وذهبت إلى جوفه فإنها لا تفطر، وذلك لأنها لم تصل إلى ظاهر البدن، والفم في حكم الظاهر، فإذا وصلت إليه ثم ابتلعها بعد ذلك أفطر، وأما إذا لم تصل إليه فإنها ما زالت في حكم الباطن فلا تفطر. وفي المسألة قول آخر في المذهب، أنها لا تفطر أيضاً ولو وصلت إلى الفم وابتلعها، وهذا القول أرجح؛ لأنها لم تخرج من الفم، ولا يعد بلعها أكلاً ولا شرباً، فلو ابتلعها بعد أن وصلت إلى فمه، فإنه لا يفطر بها، لكن نقول قبل أن يفعل هذا: لا تفعل وتجنب هذا الأمر، ما دام أن المسألة بهذا الشكل، وليست النخامة كبلع الريق بل هي جرم غير معتاد وجوده في الفم، بخلاف الريق فالخلاف بالتفطير بها أقوى من الخلاف بالتفطير بجميع الريق والأمر واضح، ولكن كما قلنا أولاً إن ابتلاع النخامة محرم؛ لما فيها من الاستقذار والضرر. مسألة: إذا ظهر دم من لسانه أو لثته، أو أسنانه، فهل يجوز بلعه؟ الجواب: لا يجوز لا للصائم ولا لغيره؛ لعموم قوله تعالى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ﴾ [المائدة: ٣] وإذا وقع من الصائم فإنه يفطر، ولهذا يجب على الإنسان أن يلاحظ الدم الذي يخرج من ضرسه إذا قلعه في أثناء الصوم، أو قلعه في الليل، واستمر يخرج منه الدم ألا يبتلع هذا الدم؛ لأنه يفطره وهو أيضاً حرام. وَيُكْرَهُ ذَوْقُ طَعَامٍ بِلَا حَاجِةٍ، وَمَضْغُ عِلْكٍ قَوِيٍّ، وإنْ وَجَدَ طَعْمَهَما فِي حَلقِهِ أَفْطَرَ، ........ قوله: «ويكره ذوق طعام بلا حاجة» أي: يكره أن يذوق

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