Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (6/420)

Chapter: What Is Disliked, What Is Recommended, and the Ruling on Making Up Missed Fasts

His statement, “Chapter: What is disliked, what is recommended, and the ruling on making up missed fasts”: these are three headings which the author has brought together in a single chapter.

Thus, “what is disliked” means what is disliked in fasting; “what is recommended” means what is recommended in fasting; and “the ruling on making up missed fasts” means making up the fasts of Ramadan.

In the terminology of the jurists, what is disliked is that which the Sacred Law has forbidden, though not in a binding manner. For if it forbade something in a binding manner, it would be prohibited. There are many examples of this: there are disliked matters in prayer, in ablution, in fasting, in pilgrimage, in trade, and elsewhere.

The ruling regarding it is that one who abstains from it out of compliance is rewarded, while one who does it is not punished. This makes clear the difference between it and what is prohibited: if a person commits what is prohibited, he deserves punishment; this, however, is not so.

As for in the language of the Sacred Law, the term “disliked” may be applied to what is prohibited; indeed, it may refer to some of the gravest prohibitions. Allah says in Surat al-Isra', after forbidding grave wrongs: “All of this is evil in the sight of your Lord, and detestable.” [al-Isra' 17:28] In a hadith, the Prophet ﷺ said: “Allah dislikes for you idle talk, excessive questioning, and wasting wealth.” (1)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Zakah, chapter: “Allah’s saying: ‘They do not beg people persistently’” (no. 1477); and by Muslim in Judgments, chapter: “The prohibition of asking excessive questions without need” (no. 593), on the authority of al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah.

بَابُ مَا يُكْرَهُ، وَيُسْتَحَبُّ، وَحُكْمِ القَضَاءِ قوله: «باب ما يكره ويستحب وحكم القضاء» هذه ثلاثة عناوين جمعها المؤلف في باب واحد. فقوله: «ما يكره» أي: في الصيام، «ويستحب» أي: في الصيام، «وحكم القضاء» أي: قضاء رمضان. والمكروه عند الفقهاء هو الذي نهى عنه الشرع لا على وجه الإلزام بالترك؛ لأنه إن نهى عنه على وجه الإلزام بالترك صار حراماً، وأمثلته كثيرة، ففي الصلاة مكروهات، وفي الوضوء مكروهات، وفي الصيام مكروهات، وفي الحج وفي البيع وغيرها. أما حكمه فإنه يثاب تاركه امتثالاً، ولا يعاقب فاعله، وبهذا ظهر الفرق بينه وبين الحرام، فالحرام إذا فعله الإنسان استحق العقوبة، أما هذا فلا. وأما في لسان الشرع فإن المكروه يطلق على المحرم، بل قد يكون من أعظم المحرمات، قال الله ﵎ في سورة الإسراء حين نهى عن منهيات عظيمة قال: ﴿كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا *﴾ [الإسراء: ٢٨]، وفي الحديث عن النبي ﷺ: «إن الله كره لكم قيل وقال، وكثرة السؤال، وإضاعة المال» (١).

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة/ باب قول الله ﷿: ﴿لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا﴾ (١٤٧٧)؛ ومسلم في الأقضية/ باب النهي عن كثرة المسائل من غير حاجة (٥٩٣) عن المغيرة بن شعبة ﵁.