Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (6/408)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

There is no difference whether the intercourse was with one woman or with two. Thus, if he has intercourse with the first at the beginning of the day and with the second at its end, without having made expiation for the first, then only one expiation is due from him.

The same applies to one who is required to abstain if he has intercourse; and if someone has intercourse while healthy, then falls ill, becomes insane, or travels, the expiation is not waived. ...

His statement, “The same applies to one who is required to abstain if he has intercourse,” means: just as expiation is due from a fasting person who repeats intercourse or commits it once, it is also due from one who is required to abstain if he has intercourse.

This has several cases. One is where testimony establishing the beginning of the month is given during the day, while a man had intercourse with his wife earlier that day before knowing that the month had begun. He must make up that day and must also offer expiation, because he was required to abstain on that day. For this reason, the jurists say that it is disliked for a person to have intercourse with his wife on the thirtieth day of Sha'ban, lest testimony be given during the day, after which he becomes liable for expiation. This view is weak, because Allah the Exalted says:

“So now have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread.” [al-Baqarah: 187]

And because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When you see it, then fast.” (1)

Another case is where a man is travelling and has broken his fast, then arrives in his hometown. According to the school, he is required to abstain, even though this abstention does not count as a fast. If he has intercourse during it, expiation is due from him, because he is required to abstain.

Likewise, if a person is ill and permitted to break his fast, and he has done so, then Allah grants him recovery and the illness for which he was permitted to break his fast passes away, then according to the school he is required to abstain. If he has intercourse, expiation is due from him.

(1) Its source has been cited previously on p. 303.

ولا فرق بين أن يكون الجماع واقعاً على امرأة واحدة أو اثنتين؛ فلو جامع الأولى في أول النهار، والثانية في آخره، ولم يكفر عن الأول، فعليه كفارة واحدة. وَكَذَا مَنْ لَزِمَه الإِمْسَاكُ إِذَا جَامَعَ وَمَنْ جَامَعَ وَهُوَ مُعَافَى، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ، أوْ جُنَّ، أَوْ سَافَرَ لَمْ تَسْقُطْ. ......... قوله: «وكذا من لزمه الإمساك إذا جامع» أي: وكالصائم الذي كرر الجماع أو فعله مرة واحدة من لزمه الإمساك إذا جامع. هذا له صور منها: لو قامت البينة في أثناء النهار بدخول الشهر، وكان الرجل قد جامع زوجته في أول النهار قبل أن يعلم بالشهر، فيجب عليه القضاء، وتجب عليه الكفارة، لأنه لزمه الإمساك في هذا اليوم، ولذلك يقول الفقهاء: يكره للإنسان أن يجامع زوجته في يوم الثلاثين من شعبان؛ لاحتمال أن تقوم البينة أثناء النهار، ثم يلزم بالكفارة، وهذا القول ضعيف لقوله تعالى: ﴿فَالآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧] ولقول الرسول ﷺ: «إذا رأيتموه فصوموا» (١). ومنها لو كان الرجل مسافراً وكان مفطراً فقدم إلى بلده، فالمذهب يلزمه أن يمسك، مع أن هذا الإمساك لا يعتد به، ولو جامع فيه فإن عليه الكفارة؛ لأنه يلزمه الإمساك. ومثل ذلك أيضاً إذا كان مريضاً يباح له الفطر وقد أفطر، ثم شفاه الله وزال عنه المرض الذي استباح به الفطر، فإنه على المذهب يلزمه الإمساك، فإن جامع فعليه الكفارة.

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (٣٠٣).