And by our saying, “introducing something,” we include what is beneficial, what is harmful, and what is neither harmful nor beneficial. What is beneficial includes meat, bread, and the like; what is harmful includes eating hashish and the like; and what is neither beneficial nor harmful includes swallowing a prayer-bead or the like. The basis for this generality is the unrestricted wording of the verse: “Eat and drink.” This is all termed eating.
Some scholars said that whatever does not nourish does not break the fast when eaten. On this basis, swallowing a bead, a pebble, or the like does not break the fast.
The correct view is that the ruling is general: everything a person swallows—whether beneficial, harmful, or neither beneficial nor harmful—breaks the fast, due to the unrestricted wording of the verse.
“Or he drinks, or takes snuff, ...”
His statement, “or he drinks”: drinking includes what is beneficial, what is harmful, and what is neither beneficial nor harmful. Thus, whatever is drunk—whether water, broth, milk, blood, smoke, or anything else—falls under the author’s statement, “or he drinks.”
Included under eating and drinking are things that serve the same purpose, such as nutritional injections that take the place of food and drink.
His statement, “or takes snuff,” means: he uses nasal snuff. Snuff is that which reaches the interior by way of the nose, and it breaks the fast, because the nose is a passage leading to the stomach. The evidence for this is the Prophet’s statement to Laqit ibn Sabirah: “Exaggerate in rinsing the nose, unless you are fasting.” (1) This indicates that the fasting person should not exaggerate in rinsing the nose, and we know of no reason for this except that excessive rinsing is