and did not awaken until after dawn the following day, his fast would be valid, because the initial intention is sufficient. The presumption is that it remains in effect, and nothing has occurred to interrupt its continuity.
His statement, “nor is an intention of its obligatory status required,” means that one is not required to intend that one is fasting an obligatory fast, because specifying the fast suffices. Thus, if one intends to fast Ramadan, it is known that fasting Ramadan is obligatory. Likewise, if one intends an expiatory fast for killing or for an oath, it is known that this is obligatory. As we said concerning prayer: if one intends to perform the Dhuhr prayer, he need not intend that it is obligatory, for it is known that Dhuhr is obligatory. Accordingly, intending its obligatory status is not a condition.
But is it better to intend to fulfil the obligatory duty or not?
The answer is that it is better to intend to fulfil the obligatory duty—that is, to intend the fast of Ramadan as the fulfilment of an obligatory duty—because obligatory acts are more beloved to Allah than voluntary acts.
Al-Rawd states: “Whoever says, ‘I will fast tomorrow, if Allah wills,’ while uncertain, his intention is invalid; this is not so if he says it merely seeking blessing.” That is, if he says, “I will fast tomorrow, if Allah wills,” we must consider whether he means to seek assistance by invoking Allah’s will in order to accomplish what he intends. If he says yes, then his fast is valid, because this is not a conditional statement; rather, it is seeking assistance by invoking Allah’s will in order to accomplish what he intends. Invoking Allah’s will is a means of attaining what one seeks. Evidence for this is the hadith of the Prophet Solomon son of David, peace be upon them both, when he said: “By Allah, tonight I shall go around ninety women, each of whom will bear a boy who will fight in the way of Allah.” He was told, “Say: ‘If Allah wills,’” but he did not say it. So he went around the ninety women, having intercourse with them, but did not