Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (6/353)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

having taken the pre-dawn meal—and remains unconscious throughout the entire day, his fast is invalid because he is not of sound mind. However, he is required to make it up, since he is legally accountable. This is the view of the majority of scholars (1).

The author of al-Fāʾiq, one of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah’s students, known as Ibn Qadi al-Jabal, who had very sound legal opinions, said: The unconscious person is not required to make up the fast, just as a person who loses consciousness during the times of prayer is not required to make up those prayers according to the majority of scholars. He said: There is no difference between prayer and fasting.

If, for example, a man lost consciousness before the dawn call to prayer and regained consciousness after sunrise, his fast would be valid. As for the dawn prayer, he would not be required to perform it according to the stronger view, because its time passed while he was not eligible for obligation (2).

Third: the sleeping person. If he takes the pre-dawn meal and sleeps before the dawn call to prayer, not waking until after sunset, his fast is valid, because he is legally accountable and nothing occurred to invalidate his fast. He is not required to make it up.

The difference between him and the unconscious person is that, if a sleeping person is awakened, he wakes up, unlike the unconscious person.

For the fast of every obligatory day, the intention must be specified during the night, though there is no need to intend its obligatory status. ........

His statement: “The intention must be specified.” Intention, will, and purpose all carry the same meaning. To intend something means to have the intention for it, and to will something means to have the intention for it. Intention cannot be absent from any voluntary act; that is, every act a person performs by choice must necessarily involve an intention. This is why the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said:

(1) This is the established position of the school. Some of our scholars held that it is not obligatory upon him. In al-Faiq, it is stated: “This is the preferred view.” See al-Insaf, 3:293. (2) See the discussion of the obligation for an unconscious person to make up the prayers in the second volume.

أن تسحر ـ جميع النهار، فلا يصح صومه؛ لأنه ليس بعاقل، ولكن يلزمه القضاء؛ لأنه مكلف، وهذا قول جمهور العلماء (١). وقال صاحب الفائق أحد تلاميذ شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ويسمى ابن قاضي الجبل، وله اختيارات جيدة جداً، قال: إن المغمى عليه لا يلزمه القضاء كالإنسان الذي أغمي عليه أوقات الصلاة، فإن جمهور العلماء لا يلزمونه بالقضاء، وقال: إنه لا فرق بين الصلاة والصوم. ولو فرض أن الرجل أغمي عليه قبل أذان الفجر، وأفاق بعد طلوع الشمس لصح صومه، وأما صلاة الفجر فلا تلزمه على القول الراجح؛ لأنه مر عليه الوقت وهو ليس أهلاً للوجوب (٢). الثالث: النائم، فإذا تسحر ونام من قبل أذان الفجر، ولم يستيقظ إلا بعد غروب الشمس، فصومه صحيح، لأنه من أهل التكليف ولم يوجد ما يبطل صومه، ولا قضاء عليه. والفرق بينه وبين المغمى عليه أن النائم إذا أوقظ يستيقظ بخلاف المغمى عليه. وَيَجِبُ تَعْيِينُ النِّيَّةِ مِنْ اللَّيْلِ لِصَوْمِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَاجِبٍ، لَا نِيَّةَ الفَرْضِيَّةِ. ........ قوله: «ويجب تعيين النية» النية، والإرادة، والقصد معناها واحد، فقصد الشيء يعني نيته، وإرادة الشيء يعني نيته، والنية لا يمكن أن تتخلف عن عمل اختياري، يعني أن كل عمل يعمله الإنسان مختاراً فإنه لا بد فيه من النية، ولهذا قال النبي عليه

(١) وهو المذهب. وقال بعض الأصحاب: لا يلزمه، قال في «الفائق»: وهو المختار «الإنصاف» (٣/ ٢٩٣). (٢) انظر: وجوب القضاء على المغمى عليه في الجزء الثاني.