and expiation does not differ between travel and residence. Accordingly, if a person whose incapacity is not expected to cease travels, he is like one who is resident: he must offer expiation by feeding one poor person for each day. This is the correct view. The view that both fasting and feeding are waived for him is very weak, for the reasons already mentioned.

If a resident intends to fast a day, then travels during it, he may break his fast

His statement: “If a resident intends to fast a day, then travels during it, he may break his fast.” A resident is required to fast. If he travels during the course of the day, may he break his fast, or may he not? The scholars hold two views on this issue:

The first view is that he may break his fast, subject to a condition that we shall mention.

The second view is that he may not break his fast.

The first view is the well-known position in the school of Imam Ahmad (1).

They cite as evidence the general meaning of Allah’s saying:

“But if any of you is ill or on a journey, then let them fast an equal number of days later.” [al-Baqarah 2:184]

That is, if he breaks his fast, then he must make up the same number of days later. This person has now travelled and is on a journey, so he falls under those who have been granted the concession to break the fast; thus, he may break it.

They also cite the established sunnah that the Prophet ﷺ broke his fast during the day (2).

Those who hold the second view reason that a person has commenced an obligatory fast and must therefore complete it, just as when he begins making up a missed fast, he must complete it, even though, had he not begun it, he would not have been required to fast. That is, if a person owes