Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (6/322)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

from having their contributions accepted from them except that they disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger, and they do not come to prayer except lazily, nor do they spend except unwillingly.” [al-Tawbah]

If charitable expenditures—whose benefit extends to others—are not accepted from them because of their disbelief, then acts of worship confined to the worshipper himself are even more deserving of not being accepted.

As for the fact that he is not required to make them up when he accepts Islam, the evidence is Allah’s saying: “Say to those who disbelieve: if they desist, they will be forgiven what has already passed.” [al-Anfal: 38] It has also been established through mass transmission from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that he did not command those who accepted Islam to make up the obligatory duties they had missed.

But will he be punished in the Hereafter for neglecting them if he does not accept Islam?

The answer is: Yes, he will be punished in the Hereafter for neglecting them, as well as for neglecting all the obligatory duties of the religion. If the Muslim who obeys Allah and adheres to His law may be punished for them, then the one who arrogantly refuses is even more deserving of punishment. And if the disbeliever is punished for enjoying Allah’s blessings of food, drink, and clothing, then committing prohibited acts and neglecting obligatory duties are even more deserving of punishment.

The evidence is what Allah, Exalted is He, mentions concerning the people of the right, who will say to the criminals: “What has brought you into Saqar?” They will say, “We were not among those who prayed, nor did we feed the poor; rather, we used to indulge in vain discourse along with those who indulged in it, and we used to deny the Day of Recompense.” [al-Muddaththir] Thus, they mentioned four reasons, among them the abandonment of obligatory duties.

If someone were to say: “Their denial of the Day of Recompense is disbelief, and that is what brought them into Saqar,”

the response is: They mentioned four reasons, and were it not for these

أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ كُسَالَى وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ *﴾ [التوبة]. فإذا كانت النفقات ونفعها متعد لا تقبل منهم لكفرهم، فالعبادات الخاصة من باب أولى. وكونه لا يقضي إذا أسلم؛ دليله قوله تعالى: ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٨]، وثبت عن طريق التواتر عن الرسول ﷺ أنه كان لا يأمر من أسلم بقضاء ما فاته من الواجبات. ولكن هل يعاقب على تركها في الآخرة إذا لم يسلم؟ الجواب: نعم، يعاقب على تركها في الآخرة، وعلى ترك جميع واجبات الدين؛ لأنه إذا كان المسلم المطيع لله الملتزم بشرعه قد يعاقب عليها، فالمستكبر من باب أولى، وإذا كان الكافر يعذب على ما يتمتع به من نعم الله من طعام وشراب ولباس، ففعل المحرمات وترك الواجبات من باب أولى. والدليل ما ذكره الله تعالى عن أصحاب اليمين أنهم يقولون للمجرمين: ﴿مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ *قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ *وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ *وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ *وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ *﴾ [المدثر]. فذكروا أربعة أسباب منها ترك واجبات فإن قال قائل: تكذيبهم بيوم الدين كفر وهو الذي أدخلهم سقر؟ فالجواب: أنهم ذكروا أربعة أسباب ولولا أن لهذه