Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

And Allah Most High says:

“Indeed, the men who give charity and the women who give charity, and who lend Allah a goodly loan—it will be multiplied for them, and theirs will be a noble reward.” [al-Hadid]

The sunnah likewise contains abundant reports encouraging charity. Among them is the Prophet’s statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “No man gives charity from lawful earnings except that Allah Most High takes it with His right hand and nurtures it for one of you as one of you nurtures his foal, until it becomes like a mountain.” (1) He, peace and blessings be upon him, also said: “Every person will be under the shade of his charity on the Day of Resurrection.” (2) And he said: “Charity extinguishes sin just as water extinguishes fire.” (3) And he said: “It extinguishes the anger of the Lord and averts an evil death.” (4)

The rational evidence is that charity relieves the needs of the poor, cultivates the qualities of the virtuous and generous, and is among the means of expanding one’s heart. Try it, and you will see. Ibn al-Qayyim mentioned ten benefits of it in Zad al-Ma'ad; whoever wishes to know them should refer to it.

However, it is especially emphasized at particular times and places, and in certain circumstances. Hence, the author said, clarifying this:

“In Ramadan and at times of need, it is more virtuous …”

His statement, “In Ramadan and at times of need, it is more virtuous”: Ramadan is among the times in which charity is especially emphasized. The evidence is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, “was the most generous of people, and he was at his most generous in Ramadan.” (5) This indicates that he, peace and blessings be upon him,

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Zakat, chapter: Charity from lawful earnings ... (1410); and Muslim in Zakat, chapter: Acceptance of charity ... (1014), on the authority of Abu Hurayrah. (2) Its source has previously been cited on p. 10. (3) Its source has previously been cited on p. 12. (4) Its source has previously been cited on p. 11. (5) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Beginning of Revelation, chapter: How the Revelation began ... (6); and Muslim in Virtues, chapter: His generosity (2308), on the authority of Ibn Abbas.
وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَالْمُصَّدِقَاتِ وَأَقْرَضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَناً يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمْ وَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ *﴾ [الحديد]. والسنة مستفيضة كثيرة في الحث على الصدقة، ومنها قوله ﷺ: «إنه ما من رجل يتصدق من كسب طيب إلا أخذها الله تعالى بيمينه فيربيها لأحدكم كما يربي أحدكم فلوه حتى تكون مثل الجبل» (١)، ويقول ﵊: «كل امرئ في ظل صدقته يوم القيامة» (٢)، ويقول: «الصدقة تطفئ الخطيئة، كما يطفئ الماء النار» (٣)، ويقول: «إنها تطفئ غضب الرب، وتدفع ميتة السوء» (٤). والدليل النظري: أن في الصدقة دفع حاجة الفقراء، والتخلق بأخلاق الفضلاء الكرماء، وأنها من أسباب انشراح الصدر، وجرِّبْ تَجِدْ، وقد ذكر ابن القيم في زاد المعاد عشر فوائد لها، فمن أرادها فليرجع إليها. ولكن تتأكد في زمان، ومكان، وفي أحوال؛ ولهذا قال المؤلف مبيناً ذلك: وَفِي رَمَضان وأوقاتِ الحاجاتِ أفضلُ ....... «وفي رمضان، وأوقات الحاجات أفضل» فشهر رمضان من الزمان الذي تتأكد فيه الصدقة، والدليل أن النبي ﷺ: «كان أجود الناس، وكان أجود ما يكون في رمضان» (٥) وهذا يدل على أنه ﷺ
(١) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة/ باب الصدقة من كسب طيب … (١٤١٠)؛ ومسلم في الزكاة/ باب قبول الصدقة … (١٠١٤) عن أبي هريرة ﵁. (٢) سبق تخريجه ص (١٠). (٣) سبق تخريجه ص (١٢). (٤) سبق تخريجه ص (١١). (٥) أخرجه البخاري في بدء الوحي/ باب كيف كان بدء الوحي … (٦)؛ ومسلم في الفضائل/ باب جوده ﷺ (٢٣٠٨) عن ابن عباس ﵄.

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