Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (6/214)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

It is understood from his statement, “then he should distribute it,” that the cost of transportation is to be borne by the owner of the wealth, not paid from the zakat itself. Thus, if zakat cannot be transported to the town where the poor are without expense, that expense must not be deducted from the zakat, because whatever is necessary to fulfil an obligation is itself obligatory. Since he is required to pay the zakat, he must deliver it to those entitled to receive it.

“If he is in one town while his wealth is in another, he should pay the zakat on his wealth in the town where it is located, and his zakat al-fitr in the town where he is. It is permissible to pay zakat in advance for up to two years, ...”

His statement, “If he is in one town while his wealth is in another, he should pay the zakat on his wealth in the town where it is located, and his zakat al-fitr in the town where he is,” means that if the owner of wealth is in one town while his wealth is in another—especially when the wealth is apparent, such as livestock and crops—he should pay the zakat on the wealth in the town where the wealth is located, and pay his own zakat al-fitr in the town where he is. This is because zakat al-fitr is connected to the person, whereas zakat on wealth is connected to the wealth itself. Therefore, those who go for umrah in Ramadan and remain until Eid should preferably pay their zakat al-fitr in Mecca. Just as this is preferable in terms of payment, it is also preferable in terms of location, because Mecca is superior to every other town; and it is also preferable in terms of its inhabitants, since the poor in Mecca are generally more numerous and in greater need.

For example, if a man lives in Mecca while the wealth with which he trades is in Medina, we say to him: Pay the zakat on your wealth in Medina, and your zakat al-fitr in Mecca, because zakat on wealth follows the wealth, while zakat al-fitr follows the person.

His statement, “It is permissible to pay zakat in advance for up to two years,” means that less than two years is one year; that is, it is permissible for a person to pay zakat in advance before

وعلم من قوله: «فيفرقها» أن مؤونة النقل على صاحب المال، لا من الزكاة، فإذا قدر أن الزكاة لا تحمل إلى هذا البلد الذي فيه الفقراء إلا بمؤونة، فلا تخصم المؤونة من الزكاة؛ لأن ما لا يتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب، وقد وجب عليه إخراج الزكاة فيجب أن يوصلها إلى مستحقيها. فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي بَلَدٍ، وَمَالُهُ فِي آخَرَ أخْرَجَ زَكَاةَ المال فِي بَلَدِهِ، وَفِطْرَتَهَ فِي بَلَدٍ هُوَ فِيهِ، وَيَجُوزُ تَعْجِيلُ الزَّكَاةِ لِحَوْلَيْنِ فَأَقَلَّ، ......... قوله: «فإن كان في بلد وماله في آخر أخرج زكاة المال في بلده، وفطرته في بلد هو فيه» أي: إذا كان صاحب المال في بلد، وماله في بلد آخر، ولا سيما إذا كان المال ظاهراً كالمواشي والثمار، فإنه يخرج زكاة المال في بلد المال، ويخرج فطرة نفسه في البلد الذي هو فيه؛ لأن زكاة الفطر تتعلق بالبدن، والمال زكاته تتعلق به، فالذين يذهبون إلى العمرة في رمضان ويبقون إلى العيد الأفضل أن يؤدوا الزكاة في مكة، وكما أنه الأفضل من حيث الإخراج فهو الأفضل من حيث المكان؛ لأن مكة أفضل من كل بلد وأيضاً من حيث الأهل؛ لأن الغالب أن الفقراء في مكة أكثر وأحوج. مثال ذلك: رجل ساكن في مكة، وأمواله التي يتجر بها في المدينة، فنقول له: أخرج زكاة المال في المدينة، وفطرتك في مكة؛ لأن زكاة المال تبع للمال، والفطرة تابعة للبدن. قوله: «ويجوز تعجيل الزكاة لحولين فأقل» الأقل من الحولين هو حول واحد، أي: يجوز للإنسان أن يعجل الزكاة قبل