He then said: “It may be given only two days before Eid.”
That is, zakat al-fitr may be given only two days before Eid; it may not be given earlier than two days before it.
But how can this be permissible when the cause of its obligation—namely, sunset on the night of Eid—has not yet occurred, especially since we have a juristic principle which states: “Advancing something before its cause is invalid, whereas advancing it before its condition is permissible”?
For example, if someone says, “By Allah, I will not wear this garment,” then later decides that he wants to wear it and offers the expiation beforehand, this means that he has offered the expiation before its condition has occurred, and this is permissible. But if he were to offer the expiation before taking the oath, it would not suffice, because it would be before the cause had occurred.
Yet here, the cause of the obligation—sunset—has not yet occurred.
The answer is that we say: its permissibility is by way of a concession, because the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, did this: they would give it to those who collected it one or two days before Eid (1). Since this concession is reported from the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them—and they were the best of generations, whose practice is followed—this issue is an exception to the principle we mentioned.
His statement, “one or two days,” may indicate choice: thus, it may be given one or two days before Eid. If we understand it as referring to differing circumstances, however, then it means one day before Eid if the month has twenty-nine days, and two days before it if the month has thirty days. On this understanding, it is to be given on the twenty-eighth, not the twenty-seventh. This is one possible interpretation.