“the adult and the child.” (1) Thus, Zakah al-Fitr is due from every Muslim, whether he fasted or did not fast, whether young or old—even an infant in the cradle, and even a woman who remained in postpartum bleeding throughout the entire month.
Debt does not preclude it unless its repayment is demanded.
The author’s statement, “Debt does not preclude it unless its repayment is demanded,” means that debt does not prevent Zakah al-Fitr from becoming obligatory unless repayment is demanded, unlike Zakah on wealth. It was previously mentioned that, according to the well-known position of the school, debt prevents it from becoming obligatory. Thus, this is one of the differences the author has identified here between Zakah al-Fitr and Zakah on wealth.
Debt does not prevent it because debt is attached to one’s property, whereas Zakah al-Fitr is attached to one’s personal liability. It only prevents it when repayment is demanded, in order to settle the debt owed to the creditor, based on the Prophet’s statement (peace and blessings be upon him): “Delay in payment by a wealthy person is injustice.” (2) Therefore, if repayment is demanded of someone and his creditor says to him, “Give me my debt,” and he possesses only one sāʿ, then he must give him that sāʿ, and Zakah al-Fitr is waived from him.
There are three views on this issue:
The first: debt does not prevent it at all, whether repayment is demanded or not.
The second: debt prevents it altogether, whether repayment is demanded or not.
The third: the detailed distinction adopted by the author, and it is a close view.
However, closer still is the first view: that debt does not prevent it at all, whether repayment is demanded or not, as we said concerning the obligation of Zakah