Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The Hanbali jurists made an exception for the grave of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the graves of his two Companions, saying that there is nothing wrong with women visiting these three graves.

They justified this by saying that women’s coming to these three graves cannot properly be called a visit, since three walls stand between them and the graves, as Ibn al-Qayyim said:

Thus the Lord of the worlds answered his supplication,

And surrounded it with three walls.

What appears more correct to me is that there is no exception. For either their reaching the graves constitutes a visit, or it does not. If it constitutes a visit, then they have fallen into a major sin; but if it does not constitute a visit, then there is no difference between their coming to the place of the grave and sending greetings upon the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from afar. In that case, their coming to the graves is pointless and of no benefit. Indeed, in our time it may involve crowding alongside men and conduct unbecoming of a Muslim woman in the Prophet’s Mosque.

If someone were to say: What do you say regarding the hadith of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that “she visited the grave of her brother” (1)?

The answer is that the statement of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is not to be opposed by the statement of anyone whatsoever. Here is Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, saying: “You have likened us to

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi (1055), Ibn Abi Shaybah (3:343), Abd al-Razzaq (6711), al-Hakim (1:376), and al-Bayhaqi (4:78). In Majma al-Zawaid (3:60), it is also attributed to al-Tabarani, and he said: “Its narrators are those of the Sahih.” Al-Dhahabi deemed it authentic in Talkhis al-Mustadrak.
واستثنى الأصحاب من فقهاء الحنابلة: قبر النبي ﷺ، وقبري صاحبيه، وقالوا: إن زيارة النساء لهذه القبور الثلاثة لا بأس بها. وعللوا ذلك: بأن زيارتهن لهذه القبور الثلاثة لا يصدق عليها أنها زيارة؛ لأن بينهن وبين هذه القبور ثلاثة جدر، كما قال ابن القيم: فأجاب رب العالمين دعاءه وأحاطه بثلاثة الجدران والذي يترجح عندي: أنه لا استثناء؛ لأن وصولهن إلى القبور إما أن يكون زيارة، أو لا يكون، فإن كان زيارة وقعن في الكبيرة، وإن لم تكن زيارة فلا فرق بين أن يحضرن إلى مكان القبر، أو أن يسلمن على النبي ﷺ من بعيد، وحينئذٍ يكون مجيئهن للقبور لغواً لا فائدة منه، بل في زماننا هذا قد يكون هناك مزاحمة للرجال، وأعمال لا تليق بالمرأة المسلمة في مسجد النبي ﷺ. فإن قال قائل: ما تقولون في حديث عائشة ﵂: «أنها زارت قبر أخيها» (١)؟ فالجواب: أن قول النبي ﷺ لا يعارض بقول أحد كائناً من كان، وها هي عائشة ﵂ تقول: «شبَّهتمونا
(١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٠٥٥)؛ وابن أبي شيبة (٣/ ٣٤٣)؛ وعبد الرزاق (٦٧١١)؛ والحاكم (١/ ٣٧٦)؛ والبيهقي (٤/ ٧٨)؛ وعزاه في «مجمع الزوائد» (٣/ ٦٠) للطبراني، وقال: «رجاله رجال الصحيح»، وصححه الذهبي في «تلخيص المستدرك».

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