difficulty in shrouding him from it, unless the deceased stipulated otherwise, saying, “Shroud me from my own wealth.” In that case, it is not permissible to shroud him from public shrouds, whether provided by a governmental body or a private organization.
The author’s statement, “before any debt”: “before” is circumstantial, modifying “his shrouding”; that is, the shrouding is to take precedence over debt and other claims.
A debt is anything established as an obligation in a person’s liability, such as the price of goods sold, the rent of a house or shop, a loan, a bridal due, or compensation for divorce by mutual agreement. Although ordinary people use the term “debt” only for the deferred price of goods sold, this is a customary usage that does not conform to its usage in the Sacred Law.
The author’s statement, “or other claim,” means a bequest and inheritance.
Thus, shrouding takes precedence over everything. The general wording of the author’s statement, “before any debt,” includes both a debt secured by collateral and one that is not. Accordingly, if a man leaves behind a sheep, with no other property, which has been pledged as security for a debt he owes, and no shroud can be found unless this sheep is sold and a shroud purchased with its price, then it is to be sold and a shroud bought for him. This is because the shroud is a matter of the individual’s own particular need, and therefore takes precedence over everything else. The same applies if he bequeathed it.
The author’s statement, “If he has no estate, then it is upon the one responsible for his maintenance”: that is, if we find that he has no property, then it is upon the one responsible for his maintenance.
If we find a garment that the deceased had worn, along with a headcloth, should we shroud him in them, or must he be shrouded in wrapping sheets?
The answer is: if his clothes suffice to fulfill the obligation, we do not require people to provide a shroud for him, so long as his estate—even if it consists of the clothes he is wearing—contains what is sufficient.