and then move back? For this indicates that you have no desire for goodness and no concern for that which is virtuous.
The correct view in this matter is that giving another preference is not disliked when there is a benefit in doing so, such as fostering goodwill. For example, if the ruler is accustomed to occupying a particular place in the first row, and you are standing there when he arrives, then you move back and give the ruler preference in that place, there is nothing wrong with it. Indeed, it may even be better than not giving preference.
Since we are discussing giving preference to others, we should explain that it falls into the following categories:
- Giving preference to another in an obligatory matter: this is forbidden.
- Giving preference to another in a recommended matter: this is disliked.
- Giving preference to another in a permissible matter: this is commendable.
- Giving preference to another in a prohibited matter: this is forbidden for both the one giving preference and the one being given preference.
An example of giving preference in an obligatory matter is a man who has only enough water for one person’s ablution. He needs to perform ablution, and his companion also needs to perform ablution. In this case, he is not permitted to give his companion the water and perform dry ablution himself, because using water is obligatory for him when he is able to do so. He cannot waive an obligation from himself in order to give someone else preference in it.
Another example: if a person is in a desert with a companion, and an enemy comes upon them and strips them of their clothes, leaving only one garment, he is not permitted to give his companion preference with it. Yet this case is unlike the first, because it is possible for him to pray in it first and then give it to his companion.