As for the nighttime prayers, the wisdom behind this is that listening to the recitation may make the worshippers more attentive and energetic, especially when the voice is pleasant and the recitation is beautiful; and so that the hearts and tongues of all those present may be in harmony.

His statement, “It is recommended to recite aloud,” indicates that if he were to recite silently, the prayer would still be valid; however, reciting aloud is preferable.

“In the first rak'ah, Surah al-Jumu'ah; and in the second, Surah al-Munafiqun.”

His statement, “In the first, Surah al-Jumu'ah; and in the second, Surah al-Munafiqun,” means that he recites Surah al-Jumu'ah in the first rak'ah and Surah al-Munafiqun in the second. This is authentically reported from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him (1), and the suitability of both surahs is evident.

As for Surah al-Jumu'ah, its suitability is clearer than the sun, for it mentions the command to hasten to the Friday prayer. Allah also mentions in it those who were entrusted with the Torah but then failed to uphold it—that is, they did not act upon it—and that their likeness is that of a donkey. Thus, it warns Muslims against abandoning practice of the Quran and becoming like the Jews, or even worse; for whoever has been distinguished above others by a blessing bears a greater obligation of gratitude.

The suitability of Surah al-Munafiqun is likewise evident: so that people may set their hearts and their course toward Allah aright each week. A person should examine his heart: is he among the hypocrites or among the believers? He should therefore be wary and purify his heart of hypocrisy. It also serves another purpose: that the warning against the hypocrites may strike people's ears every Friday, for Allah says of the hypocrites, “They are the enemy, so beware of them.” [al-Munafiqun: 4]

He may also recite Surah al-A'la, “Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High,” and Surah al-Ghashiyah, “The Overwhelming Event.” This too is established in