for us to say that they must be in Arabic. However, when he recites a verse, it must be in Arabic, because the Quran may not be rendered in any language other than Arabic.
Among the recommended practices of the two sermons is that the preacher delivers them from a pulpit or an elevated place; that he greets the congregation when he turns to face them; and that he then sits until the call to prayer has ended...
His statement, “Among their recommended practices is that he delivers the sermon from a pulpit,” means that it is recommended for the two sermons to be delivered from a pulpit. A pulpit, minbar, is derived from nabr, meaning elevation; that is, from something raised. At first, the Prophet ﷺ would deliver his sermons beside a palm-tree trunk in his mosque. Then a pulpit was made for him from the wood of the tamarisk tree, and he began delivering his sermons from it. When he delivered his first Friday sermon from it, the palm-tree trunk cried out as pregnant she-camels cry out, until the Prophet ﷺ came down and quieted it, whereupon it fell silent, while the people could hear it (1).
This was prescribed as a sunnah in emulation of the Prophet ﷺ, and because it is more effective in conveying the sermon to the people: when he is elevated, more people can hear him. Likewise, when he is elevated, people can see him with their own eyes. There is no doubt that a listener is more affected when he can see the speaker than when he cannot. This is something plainly observed. For this reason, it was from the guidance of the Companions—as has been reported—that whenever the Prophet ﷺ delivered a sermon, they would face him with their faces (2), so that their hearts would be more present and they would benefit more from the sermon.
The scholars said: The pulpit should be placed on the right-hand side of the one facing the qiblah, within the prayer niche, as is done nowadays, so that when the imam descends from it, he turns to his right.
His statement, “or an elevated place,” means that if no pulpit is available, he delivers the sermon from