or: “O Allah, send blessings upon the Seal of the Prophets,” or, “upon the one sent to all mankind.”
Some scholars say that blessings must be invoked upon him using an explicit name; thus, if one invokes blessings upon him by means of a pronoun rather than an explicit name, the sermon is invalid. For example, if he says, “I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him,” and considers that sufficient. But this is incorrect, for a pronoun may take the place of an explicit noun when its referent is known.
The evidence cited for making the invocation of blessings upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, a condition is that every statement requiring the mention of Allah also requires the mention of His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him. This is how some scholars have reasoned.
But this reasoning is flawed and unsound. How many acts of worship require the mention of Allah but not the mention of the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him. For example, when a person wishes to perform ablution, he says, “In the name of Allah,” and does not say, “May peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah.”
Likewise, when a person wishes to slaughter, he says, “In the name of Allah,” without invoking blessings upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Indeed, some scholars considered it disliked to invoke blessings upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, at the time of slaughter, saying that this could lead to shirk, lest a person be thought to be slaughtering for Allah and for His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him.
The call to prayer requires mentioning the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, but it does not require invoking blessings upon him. Thus, the rationale is invalidated here, and the invalidation of a rationale indicates its nullity. Therefore, there is no sound evidence establishing that invoking blessings upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is a condition of the sermon.
Invoking blessings upon the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, may be expressed as a supplication or as a statement that conveys the meaning of a supplication. An example of the supplicatory form is: “O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad.”