Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (5/50)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

then prostrate. In this case, his falling behind the imam is excused.

Some scholars say that he should gesture—that is, he should sit and gesture for the prostration—because the sunnah prescribes gesturing in prostration when one is unable to perform it. Falling behind the imam, by contrast, is only permitted for an excuse. This view is stronger. Next in strength is the view that he should wait and then prostrate after the imam. As for the view that he should prostrate on another person’s back or foot, it is weak, because it causes complete disturbance to the person upon whom he prostrates. That person may even fight the one prostrating on him, and the person in front of him may be a woman.

Moreover, prostrating on another person’s back does not allow one to attain the proper form of prostration, since the person is elevated while prostrating, with his face level with his feet; likewise, the one prostrating upon him would also be elevated.

Al-Rawḍ states: “If he begins the prayer and is then crowded out and forced out of the row, so that he prays alone, his prayer is not valid.” That is, if he is pressed by the crowd and can no longer remain standing in the row until he is forced out, then according to the established position in the school, his prayer is not valid because he is praying alone.

The correct view, however, is that his prayer is valid, because he is excused for praying alone.

If he performed the first rak‘ah in the row, then is crowded out until he leaves the row, he should intend to separate from the imam and complete it as Jumu‘ah, since he caught one complete rak‘ah. This is according to the established position in the school. The stronger view is that he completes it as Jumu‘ah while still following the imam, because his separation in this case is excused.

TWO SERMONS MUST PRECEDE THE PRAYER …

His statement, “It is a condition that two sermons precede it”: the word “sermons” is pronounced khutbah, with a ḍammah on the first letter. With a kasrah, khitbah means a marriage proposal—that is, for a man to propose to a woman—whereas khutbah, with a ḍammah, means a sermon of admonition and the like.

ثم يسجد، ويكون التخلف هنا عن الإمام لعذر. وقال بعض العلماء: يومئ إيماء أي: يجلس ويومئ بالسجود إيماء؛ لأن الإيماء في السجود قد جاءت به السنة عند التعذر بخلاف التخلف عن الإمام فإنه لم يأت إلا لعذر، وهذا القول أرجح، ويليه القول بأنه ينتظر، ثم يسجد، بعد الإمام، وأما القول بأنه يسجد على ظهر إنسان أو رجله فإنه ضعيف؛ لما يلزم عليه من التشويش التام على المسجود عليه، وقد يقاتل المسجود عليه الساجد، وقد يكون الذي أمامه امرأة. وأيضاً السجود على ظهر إنسان لا تتأتى معه صورة السجود، لعلو الإنسان في السجود فيكون وجهه محاذياً لرجليه، وهنا الساجد أيضاً يكون رفيعاً. قال في الروض: «وإن أحرم، ثم زحم، وأخرج عن الصف فصلى فذاً لم تصح» أي: لو أنه زحم، وعجز عن أن يطيق الوقوف في الصف حتى خرج، فإنه على المذهب لا تصح صلاته؛ لأنه فذ. والصحيح: أن صلاته تصح؛ لأنه معذور في الفذية. فإذا كان قد صلى الركعة الأولى في الصف فإنه إذا زحم حتى خرج من الصف ينوي الانفراد ويتمها جمعة؛ لأنه أدرك ركعة كاملة فيتمها جمعة هذا على المذهب، والقول الراجح أنه يتمها جمعة مع الإمام؛ لأن انفراده هنا للعذر. وَيُشْتَرَطُ تَقَدُّمُ خُطْبَتَيْنِ ........ قوله: «ويشترط تقدم خطبتين»، بضم الخاء؛ لأن الخِطبة بالكسر: خطبة النكاح أي: أن يخطب الرجل المرأة، والخُطبة بالضم: خطبة الوعظ، وما أشبه ذلك.