Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

However, some scholars regarded this as disliked, saying: lest he deprive himself of the virtue of the Friday Prayer. For one Friday Prayer to the next is an expiation for what occurs between them, so long as major sins are avoided. Thus, in order that he not miss the virtue of the Friday Prayer, they regarded it as disliked for him to travel before the sun has passed its zenith.

Two cases are exempted from the prohibition of travel:

The first is if he fears missing his travelling companions—that is, he has companions intending to depart before the Friday Prayer, but the sun has passed its zenith, and he fears that they will leave without him. In that case, he may travel, because this is an excuse for missing the Friday Prayer itself; therefore, it is likewise an excuse for travelling after the sun has passed its zenith.

The second is if he can perform it on his journey.

For example, if we suppose that someone wishes to travel from Unayzah to Ha'il and will pass through Buraydah, then he can perform the Friday Prayer on his way, so it is not prohibited for him to travel. This is because the reason for the prohibition is the fear of missing the Friday Prayer, whereas in this case he will not miss it.

Question: Does fear of missing a flight fall under the same ruling?

Answer: Yes. If, for example, the plane is due to depart at the time of the Friday Prayer, and if he remains waiting he will miss it, then he is excused and may travel, even after the sun has passed its zenith.

لكن بعض العلماء كرهه، وقال: لئلا يفوت على نفسه فضل الجمعة؛ لأن الجمعة إلى الجمعة كفارة لما بينهما ما اجتنبت الكبائر، فمن أجل أن لا يفوت فضل الجمعة كرهوا له أن يسافر قبل الزوال، ويستثنى من تحريم السفر مسألتان: الأولى: إذا خاف فوات الرفقة، أي: أن له رفاقاً يريدون أن يسافروا قبل صلاة الجمعة فزالت الشمس، وخاف أن تفوته الرفقة فإن له أن يسافر؛ لأن هذا عذر في ترك الجمعة نفسها، فكذلك يكون عذراً في السفر بعد الزوال. الثانية: إذا كان يمكنه أن يأتي بها في طريقه. فمثلاً: لو قدرنا أن شخصاً يريد أن يسافر من عنيزة إلى حائل، وسيمر ببريدة، فهنا يمكن أن يأتي بها في طريقه، فلا يحرم عليه السفر؛ لأن علة التحريم هي خوف فوات الجمعة، وهنا الجمعة لن تفوت. مسألة: هل مثل ذلك خوف إقلاع الطائرة؟ الجواب: نعم، فلو فرض أن الطائرة ستقلع في وقت صلاة الجمعة، ولو جلس ينتظر فاتته، فهو معذور وله أن يسافر ولو بعد الزوال.

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