for the traveller, whether he is staying in one place or travelling onward. This issue is one over which the scholars differ.
Some of them say that combining prayers is not permissible for the traveller unless he is travelling onward, not when he is staying in one place. They cite the hadith of Ibn Umar: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would combine the sunset and night prayers when the journey pressed on.” (1) That is, when he was travelling onward.
They also argue that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did not combine the two prayers at Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage, because he was staying there. (2) Otherwise, there is no doubt that he was travelling, since he shortened the prayer.
It was objected to them that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, combined the two daytime prayers at Arafah (563) while he was staying there.
They replied that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, combined the two daytime prayers at Arafah while staying there so that the people could perform the congregational prayer behind a single imam. For after the prayer, the people would disperse to their respective stations at Arafah, and gathering them afterward would be difficult and burdensome. Thus, although he was staying there, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, wished to combine the noon and afternoon prayers so that they could pray in congregation behind one imam.
A comparable case is when people combine the sunset and night prayers because of rain, in order to preserve the congregation. Otherwise, they could pray each prayer at its prescribed time in their homes, since the muddy ground excuses them.