Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (4/384)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

That it does not conflict with the statement of another Companion.

If it conflicts with a textual proof, then the textual proof is followed, regardless of which Companion it may be. If it is opposed by the statement of another Companion, one seeks the preponderating evidence and follows whichever of the two views is stronger. Moreover, this practice of Ibn Umar is supported by the general texts of the Quran and the sunnah indicating that a traveller shortens the prayer, even if he remains by his own choice, according to the correct view.

His statement, “and does not intend to reside,” is an indispensable condition. If he intends unrestricted residence—not merely to remain while awaiting the removal of the impediment—then he must perform the prayer in full.

His statement, “or he remains in order to fulfil a need without intending to reside,” means that he has not intended unrestricted residence.

His statement, “he continues shortening indefinitely,” means that even if he remains for the rest of his life, he continues to shorten, because he intended to remain only for the sake of that need and did not intend unrestricted residence. There is a difference between someone who intends unrestricted residence and another who intends conditional residence: the one who intends conditional residence is not considered a permanent resident, whereas the one who intends unrestricted residence is considered a permanent resident.

Unrestricted residence means that one intends to remain as a resident unless a reason arises requiring him to leave. This includes state ambassadors: undoubtedly, the basic assumption is that their residence is unrestricted, and they do not depart unless they are ordered to do so. Accordingly, they must perform the prayer in full, must fast Ramadan, and may wipe over their leather socks for no more than one day and one night, because their residence is unrestricted and they are regarded as permanent residents. The same applies to those who travel to a country in which they earn their livelihood: their residence is unrestricted, because they say, “We will remain as long as our livelihood continues.”

٢ ـ وأن لا يعارضه قول صحابي آخر. فإن خالف نصاً أخذ بالنص مهما كان الصحابي، وإن عارضه قول صحابي آخر طلب المرجح واتبع ما ترجح من القولين، ثم إن فعل ابن عمر هذا ﵁ مؤيد بعمومات الكتاب والسنّة الدالة على أن المسافر يقصر حتى لو بقي باختياره على القول الراجح. وقوله: «ولم ينوِ إقامة» هذا شرط لا بد منه، فإن نوى إقامة مطلقة لا إقامة ينتظر بها زوال المانع فإنه يتم. قوله: «أو أقام لقضاء حاجة بلا نية إقامة» أي: لم ينوِ إقامة مطلقة. قوله: «قصر أبداً» ولو بقي طول عمره فإنه يقصر، لأنه إنما نوى الإِقامة من أجل هذه الحاجة، ولم ينوِ إقامة مطلقة، وهناك فرق بين شخص ينوي الإِقامة المطلقة وشخص آخر ينوي الإِقامة المقيدة، فالذي ينوي الإِقامة المقيدة لا يعد مستوطناً، والذي ينوي الإِقامة المطلقة يعد مستوطناً. فالإِقامة المطلقة: أن ينوي أنه مقيم ما لم يوجد سبب يقتضي مغادرته، ومن ذلك سفراء الدول، فلا شك أن الأصل أن إقامتهم مطلقة لا يرتحلون إلا إذا أمروا بذلك، وعلى هذا فيلزمهم الإِتمام، ويلزمهم الصوم في رمضان، ولا يزيدون عن يوم وليلة في مسح الخفين؛ لأن إقامتهم مطلقة، فهم في حكم المستوطنين، وكذلك أيضاً الذين يسافرون إلى بلد يرتزقون فيها هؤلاء إقامتهم مطلقة، لأنهم يقولون: سنبقى ما دام رزقنا مستمراً.