Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (4/314)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

missing the Friday and congregational prayers, for if he were to go and pray, his heart would be preoccupied with the property that he fears losing.

Likewise, if he fears missing it—for example, if he has lost his animal and is told, “Your animal is in such-and-such a place,” and the time for prayer comes—then he may fear that, if he goes to offer the Friday or congregational prayer, the animal will leave the place where he was told it was. Such a person fears missing his property, so he may leave the prayer and go to his property in order to catch it.

Another example is where he fears harm coming to it: such as a person who has put bread into the oven, and the iqamah is given. If he goes to pray, the bread will burn. He may therefore miss the congregational prayer so that his property is not lost through burning.

The reason is the distraction of the heart. However, the baker should be instructed to take note of the time of the iqamah, and not put the bread into the oven at that time.

The apparent meaning of the author’s words is that there is no distinction between valuable property and a small amount of property that is regarded as insignificant, since he stated generally: “from the loss of his property.” It may, however, be said that a distinction should be made between substantial property and a small amount of property in the case of the Friday prayer specifically. This is because, if the congregation for the Friday prayer is missed, it cannot be repeated; rather, the Dhuhr prayer is offered in its place. As for prayers other than Friday, if the congregation is missed, he offers the prayer as it is.

Or the death of a relative; or harm to himself; or from a ruler; or the pursuit of a creditor when he has nothing with which to pay, ...............

His statement, “or the death of a relative”: this is the fifth category of those excused from missing the Friday and congregational prayers. It is when he fears the death of a relative while he is not present—that is, the relative is in the throes of death, and he fears that he may die while he is absent. He wishes to remain with him in order to prompt him to recite the testimony of faith, and the like. This is an excuse.

تَرْكِ الجُمُعةِ والجَماعةِ؛ لأنَّه لو ذَهَبَ وصَلَّى فإن قلبَه سيكون منشغلاً بهذا المال الذي يَخافُ ضياعه. وكذلك إذا كان يَخشى مِن فواتِه بأن يكون قد أضاعَ دابَّته، وقيل له: إنَّ دابَّتك في المكان الفلاني؛ وحضرتِ الصَّلاةُ، وخَشيَ إنْ ذهب يُصلِّي الجُمعةَ أو الجماعةَ أنْ تذهبَ الدَّابةُ عن المكان الذي قيل إنَّها فيه، فهذا خائفٌ مِن فواتِه، فله أنْ يتركَ الصَّلاةَ، ويذهب إلى مالِه ليدرِكَه. ومِن ذلك أيضاً: لو كان يخشى مِن ضَررٍ فيه، كإنسان وَضَعَ الخُبزَ بالتنورِ، فأُقيمت الصَّلاةُ، فإنْ ذهبَ يُصلِّي احترقَ الخبزُ؛ فله أن يَدَعَ صلاةَ الجماعة مِن أجلِ أن لا يفوتَ مالُه بالاحتراق. والعِلَّةُ: انشغالُ القلبِ، لكن يُؤمرُ الخَبَّازُ أن يلاحظ وقت الإِقامةِ، فلا يدخل الخبزَ في التنور حينئذٍ. وظاهرُ كلامِ المؤلِّفِ: أنَّه لا فَرْقَ بين المالِ الخطير والمال الصَّغيرِ الذي لا يُعتبر شيئاً؛ لأنه أطلق فقال: «مِن ضياع ماله» وقد يُقال: إنَّه يُفرَّقُ بين المالِ الخطير الذي له شأن، وبين المال القليل في صلاة الجُمعةِ خاصَّة؛ لأنَّ صلاةَ الجُمعة إذا فاتت فيها الجماعةُ لا تُعادُ وإنَّما يُصلَّى بدلها ظُهراً، وغير الجُمعةِ إذا فاتت فيها الجماعةُ يصلِّيها كما هي. أَوْ مَوْتِ قَرِيبِهِ، أَوْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ ضَرَرٍ، أَوْ سُلْطَانٍ، أَوْ مُلَازَمَةِ غَرِيمٍ وَلَا شَيْءَ مَعَهُ، ............... قوله: «أو موت قريبه» هذا نوعٌ خامسٌ مما يُعذرُ فيه بتَرْكِ الجُمُعةِ والجَماعةِ، أنْ يخشى مِن موتِ قريبِه وهو غيرُ حاضرٍ، أي: أنَّه في سياق الموتِ فيخشى أن يموت وهو غيرُ حاضرٍ وأحبَّ أنْ يبقى عندَه ليلقِّنه الشَّهادةَ، وما أشبه ذلك، فهذا عُذر.