There are other places, besides those mentioned by the author, in which it is not permissible to urinate or defecate, such as mosques. Thus, the Prophet ﷺ said to the Bedouin: “These mosques are not suitable for any of this urine or filth. Rather, they are for the remembrance of Allah, prayer, and the recitation of the Quran.” (1) The same applies to schools. Indeed, wherever people gather for a religious or worldly purpose, it is not permissible for a person to urinate or defecate there.

The reason is that this is analogous to the Prophet’s prohibition of urinating on pathways and in places where people seek shade.

Likewise, any harm caused to Muslims, whether through words or actions, is forbidden, due to the general meaning of Allah’s statement:

“And those who harm believing men and believing women for something they have not earned bear the burden of a slander and a manifest sin.” [al-Ahzab]

As for the public bath in which people bathe, it is not permissible to defecate in it, because the filth does not go away. Urinating there, however, is permissible, because it goes away, although it is preferable not to do so. Yet a person may need to urinate, such as when all the other bathrooms are occupied.

And he cleans himself with stones, then cleans himself with water. Cleaning oneself with stones is sufficient ..........

His statement, “And he cleans himself with stones, then cleans himself with water …”: cleansing oneself with stones is done with stones or whatever may serve in their place, whereas cleansing oneself with water is done with water.

His statement, “He cleans himself with stones, then cleans himself with water,” describes what is preferable; it is not obligatory. This is why he said, “Cleaning oneself with stones is sufficient.”