it was said that precedence is given to whichever is greater in number. For example, if someone concludes his prayer with the salām before completing it, bows twice in one rak‘ah, and omits the first tashahhud, then there are two reasons requiring the prostration to be after the salām—namely, the additional bowing and concluding the prayer before its completion—and one reason requiring the prostration to be before the salām, namely, omitting the first tashahhud. Thus, the prostration is performed after the salām.

Another example: a man bows twice in one rak‘ah and omits saying, “Glory be to my Lord, the Magnificent,” while bowing, and, “Glory be to my Lord, the Most High,” while prostrating. Here, two reasons requiring the prostration to be before the salām have come together—omitting the glorification in bowing and in prostration—along with one reason requiring it to be after the salām, namely, the additional bowing. Thus, the prostration is before the salām.

The established position of the school (1), however, gives precedence to what is before the salām in all cases, because its compensatory prostration is obligatory and its proper place is before one says the salām. Therefore, promptly making up for the deficiency in the prayer before completing it is more appropriate than delaying the compensatory act.

The third volume is complete, with praise to Allah Most High.

It will be followed, by the will of Allah, exalted is His majesty, by the fourth volume, which begins with the Chapter on Voluntary Prayer.