the general scope of the author’s statement. Thus, if he does so deliberately, the prayer is not invalidated, and if he does so forgetfully, the prostration of forgetfulness is not required.

If he deliberately bows twice, outside the eclipse prayer, his prayer is invalidated. If he deliberately prostrates three times, his prayer is invalidated. If he deliberately sits where he should be standing, his prayer is invalidated. And if he deliberately stands where he should be sitting, his prayer is invalidated. It says in al-Rawd: “By consensus.” (1) That is, the scholars—may Allah have mercy on them—are unanimously agreed on this. The evidence for it is the saying of the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him: “Whoever does an act that is not in accordance with our matter, it is rejected.” (2)

“And if done forgetfully, he performs the prostration of forgetfulness for it. If he adds a rak'ah and does not realize it until he has completed it, he prostrates, …………”

His statement, “And if done forgetfully, he performs the prostration of forgetfulness for it,” is coordinated with “deliberately.” That is: whenever he unintentionally adds standing, sitting, bowing, or prostrating, he performs the prostration of forgetfulness for it. This is because the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, commanded whoever adds something to his prayer to perform two prostrations. (3) This is evidence from his words.

The evidence from his actions is that when he prayed five rak'ahs, in the hadith of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, and was told, “You have prayed five,” he drew his legs in and performed two prostrations. (4)

His statement, “If he adds a rak'ah and does not realize it until he has completed it, he prostrates,” may be illustrated by a man who prays five rak'ahs for Dhuhr and does not realize it until the tashahhud. In this case, he has added a rak'ah without realizing it until he completed that rak'ah.