We say: once he has commenced it, he must perform it in accordance with the Sacred Law; otherwise, he is making a mockery of it. If he does not wish to pray, then he should not pray in the first place. But to treat it frivolously by performing a deficient voluntary prayer and then saying, “I will not make it up,” is not acceptable.

“Whenever he deliberately adds an act belonging to the prayer—standing, sitting, bowing, or prostrating—the prayer is invalid. …………”

His statement, “Whenever he adds an act belonging to the prayer,” excludes adding a verbal element and adding an act that does not belong to the prayer. The explanation of this will come, Allah willing. (1) There are two conditions: that it be an act, and that it be of the kind belonging to the prayer.

His statement, “standing,” means: in a place where one should be sitting.

His statement, “or sitting,” means: in a place where one should be standing.

His statement, “or bowing,” means: at a point other than its proper place.

His statement, “or prostrating,” means: at a point other than its proper place.

Does what is meant consist only of these four types of acts, to the exclusion of anything else, or are they mentioned merely as examples?

What appears to be intended is that the act refers to what the author mentioned and clarified by saying, “standing,” “sitting,” “bowing,” or “prostrating.” This is because the term “act” is general and unspecified, while his words “standing,” “sitting,” “bowing,” and “prostrating” clarify it. Thus, what appears to be meant is precisely this: if he adds an act other than these four, such as raising the hands at times other than the prescribed occasions for raising them, then it does not fall under