Second: it is tiring, so a person cannot remain settled while sitting in this manner.

The second form is to keep one’s feet upright and sit upon one’s heels. There is no doubt that this is iqʿāʾ, as is established in Sahih Muslim in the hadith of Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. Some scholars (1) held that this form of iqʿāʾ is from the sunnah, because Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “It is the sunnah of your Prophet.” (2) However, the majority of scholars held otherwise (432): that this is not from the sunnah. And it seems—Allah knows best—that Ibn Abbas’s statement was reporting an earlier sunnah that was abrogated by the many well-known hadiths stating that the Prophet ﷺ would lay his left foot flat and keep his right foot upright. (3)

The third form—which most closely corresponds to the way a dog sits—is to keep one’s thighs and lower legs upright and sit upon one’s buttocks, especially if one supports oneself with one’s hands on the ground. This is what iqʿāʾ is known to mean in the Arabic language.

The fourth form is to keep one’s feet upright and sit on the ground between them.

There remain other ways of sitting which are not disliked, but are contrary to the sunnah, such as sitting cross-legged. It is neither prescribed nor disliked; however, it is prescribed when standing if a person prays sitting down in the place of standing, and for bowing