Al-QuburIbn Abi al-Dunya

218 – Muḥammad narrated to me; Abū ʿUmar al-ʿUmarī narrated to us; ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣadaqa ibn Mirdās al-Bakrī, from his father, said:

“I once looked at three graves on ⦗167⦘ a rise of ground bordering the lands of Anṭābulus, and on one of them was written:

How can anyone relish life when he knows
that the Lord of creation will surely question him?
He will take from him the wrong he did His servants
and repay him for whatever good he performed.

On the second grave, beside it, was written:

How can anyone relish life when he is certain
that sudden death will soon overtake him?
It will strip from him great dominion and splendour
and lodge him in the house that truly belongs to him.

On the third grave, beside the other two, was written:

How can anyone relish life when he is bound
for a pit whose soil has worn away its entrances?
The brightness of the face—so carefully preserved—will vanish,
and his very body and joints will decay.

The graves were evenly mounded, arrayed side by side. When I entered the nearby village I said to an old man with whom I was sitting, ‘I have seen something remarkable in your village.’ He asked, ‘What did you see?’ I recounted ⦗168⦘ the matter of the graves. He said, ‘Shall I tell you something even stranger about those who lie in them?’ I replied, ‘Tell me.’ He said:

‘They were three brothers: one a governor who accompanied the sultan and was placed over cities and armies; the second a wealthy merchant, honoured in his district; the third an ascetic who had withdrawn for his own soul’s sake and devoted himself wholly to worship.

‘When the ascetic felt death approaching, his two brothers gathered around him. The brother who kept the company of kings had been appointed over our lands by ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; he was a harsh, oppressive tyrant. They said to their dying brother, “Will you not make a bequest?” He answered, “By Allah, I have no wealth to bequeath, no debt to settle, and I leave nothing of this world that can be taken from me.”

‘The governor said, “My brother, speak your mind. All my wealth is before you; dispose of it as you please and command me as you like.” The ascetic kept silent. Then the merchant said, “My brother, you know the extent of my profits and the abundance of my wealth. Perhaps your heart yearns for a good deed that can only be reached through spending. All my wealth is here before you; judge concerning it as you wish and your brother will carry it out.”

‘The ascetic replied, “I have no need of your money, but I place one trust upon you—do not break it. When I die, wash me, shroud me, bury me on high ground, and write on my grave:

How can anyone relish life when he knows
that the Lord of creation will surely question him?
He will take from him the wrong he did His servants
and repay him for whatever good he performed.

“After you have done so, come to me once every day; perhaps you will take admonition.” ⦗169⦘ They did as he instructed.

‘The governor would ride out with his troops, halt at the grave, dismount, recite over him, and weep. On the third day he came as usual, dismounted, and wept; but when he was about to leave he heard a blow from within the grave that almost split his heart. He departed terrified. That night he saw his brother in a dream and asked, “Brother, what was that sound I heard from your grave?” He replied, “That was the stroke of this mace. It was said to me: ‘You saw an oppressed person and did not help him.’”

‘By morning he was grief-stricken. He summoned his brother and his close associates and said, “What our brother meant by having those lines written on his grave concerned no one but me. I call you to witness that I will never again remain among you.” He resigned the governorship and devoted himself to worship, writing to ʿAbd al-Malik about it, and the caliph left him to his choice. He wandered through mountains and deserts until death overtook him in one of those mountains while he was with some shepherds.

‘News reached his brother, who came to him and said, “Brother, will you not make a bequest?” He said, “What should I bequeath? I have no wealth. But I place one trust upon you: when I die, prepare my grave, lay me beside my brother, and write on my grave:

How can anyone relish life when he is certain
that sudden death will soon overtake him?
It will strip from him great dominion and splendour
and lodge him in the house that truly belongs to him.

“Then visit me three times after my death and pray that Allah show me mercy.” He died, and his brother did ⦗170⦘ exactly as he had asked.

‘On the third day, in the middle of it, the merchant came, prayed for him, and wept. As he was leaving he heard a crash from the grave that almost drove him out of his senses, and he went back distraught. That night his brother appeared to him in a dream. “When I saw my brother,” the man said, “I leapt towards him, for my heart had been seized with fear. I asked, ‘Brother, have you come to visit us?’ He replied, ‘Alas, my brother—after departure there is no visiting; the abode has become settled for us.’ I asked, ‘Brother, how are you?’ He said, ‘Well—for repentance gathers every good.’ I asked, ‘And how is our first brother?’ He said, ‘He is with the righteous leaders.’ I asked, ‘What of us before you?’ He answered, ‘Whoever sends something ahead will find it. Seize the chance you have before you lose it.’”

‘By morning the merchant had renounced the world. He distributed his wealth, divided his properties, and devoted himself to obedience of Allah. In time a son was born to him, surpassingly handsome and comely. The youth applied himself to business until he reached the height of success.

‘When his father lay on his death-bed the son said, “Father, will you not make a bequest?” He replied, “My son, by Allah, your father owns no wealth to bequeath. But I place one trust upon you: when I die, bury me with your uncles and write on my grave these two lines:

⦗171⦘
How can anyone relish life when he is bound
for a pit whose soil has rotted its entrances?
The brightness of the face, once finely formed, will disappear,
and the very body and joints will decay.

“After you have done that, visit me yourself for three days and pray that Allah show me mercy.” The young man did so. On the third day he heard a sound from the grave that made his skin crawl, his colour change, and he returned home weighed down with grief.

‘That night his father came to him in a dream and said, “My son, you will be with us very soon; the matter is at its end and death is closer even than that. Prepare for your journey, get ready for departure, and move your provision from the house you are leaving to the house where you will reside permanently. Do not be deceived as the idlers were deceived; long hopes deluded them. They fell short in preparing for the Return and, at death, felt the bitterest regret, grieving intensely over the wasted years. Neither their remorse at death benefited them nor did their sorrow for negligence save them from the evil that befalls the losers when they meet their Sovereign on the Day of Resurrection. My son, hasten—then hasten—then hasten…”

‘ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣadaqa said: My father told me that the old man who reported this account said, “I entered upon that young man the morning after his dream. He told it to us and said, ‘I see things exactly as my father said, and I sense that death is already shading me.’ Then he began giving his wealth in charity, paying his debts, seeking pardon from his companions and business partners, absolving them, greeting them, bidding them farewell, and they did likewise with him, like a man who has been forewarned of something he expects at any moment. He used to say, ‘My father said: “Hasten—then hasten—then hasten.” Three hours have passed—I doubt I have even that; or three days—hardly that; or three months—I do not think I shall reach them; or three years—that is the utmost, and I do not wish it so.’ ”

‘The young man continued giving, dividing, and giving in charity for three days, until in the last hours of the third day, on the morning after the night of the dream, he summoned his family and children, bade them farewell, greeted them, faced the qiblah, stretched himself out, closed his eyes, pronounced the testimony of truth, and died—may Allah have mercy on him. For a considerable time thereafter people came to his grave from many towns to pray over him.’ ⦗172⦘

٢١٨- وحدثني محمد ثنا أبو عمر العمري ثنا عبد الله بن صدقة بن مرداس البكري عن أبيه قال نظرت إلى ثلاثة أقبر على ⦗١٦٧⦘ شرف من الأرض مما يلي بلاد أنطابلس وإذا على أحدها مكتوب وكيف يلذ العيش من هو عالم ... بأن إله الخلق لا بد سائله فيأخذ منه ظلمه لعباده ... ويجزيه بالخير الذي هو فاعله وعلى القبر الثاني إلى جنبها وكيف يلذ العيش من كان موقنا ... بأن المنايا بغتة ستعاجله فتسلبه ملكا عظيما وبهجة ... وتسكنه البيت الذي هو أهله وعلى القبر الثالث إلى جنبها وكيف يلذ العيش من كان صائرا ... إلى جدث أبلى التراب مناهله ويذهب وسم الوجه من بعد صونه ... ويبلى منه جسمه ومفاصله وإذا هي قبور متسنمة على قدر واحد مصطفة بعضها إلى جنب بعض فلما نزلت القرية التي كانت في القرب منها قلت لشيخ جلست إليه لقد رأيت في قريتكم عجبا قال وما رأيت فقصصت ⦗١٦٨⦘ عليه قصة القبور قال فحدثتهم أعجب ما رأيت على قبورهم قال قلت حدثني قال كانوا ثلاثة إخوة أمير يصحب السلطان ويؤمر على المدائن والجيوش وتاجر موسر مطاع في ناحيته وزاهد قد تخلى لنفسه وتفرد بعبادته قال فحضرت أخاهم هذا العابد الوفاة فاجتمع عنده أخواه وكان الذي يصحب منهم السلطان قد ولي بلادنا هذه أمره عليها عبد الملك بن مروان وكان ظالما غشوما متعسفا فاجتمعا عند أخيهما لما احتضر فقالا له ألا توصي قال لا والله ما لي من مال فأوصي فيه ولا لأحد علي دين فأوصي فيه ولا أخلف من الدنيا شيئا فأسلبه فقال أخوه ذو السلطان أي أخي قل ما بدا لك فهذا مالي بين يديك فأوصي فيه بما أحببت وانفذ فيه ما بدا لك واعهد إلي بما شئت قال فسكت عنه قال فقال أخوه التاجر أي أخي قد عرفت مكسبي وكثرة مالي فلعل في قلبك غصة من الخير لم تبلغها إلا بالإنفاق فيها فهذا مالي بين يديك فاحكم فيه بما أحببت ينفذ لك ذلك أخوك فأقبل عليهما فقال لا حاجة لي في مالكما ولكن أعهد إليكما عهدا فلا تخالفا عهدي قال إذا أنا مت فغسلاني وكفناني وادفناني على نشر من الأرض واكتبا على قبري وكيف يلذ العيش من هو عالم ... بأن إله الخلق لا بد سائله فيأخذ منه ظلمه لعباده ... ويجزيه بالخير الذي هو فاعله فإذا أنتما فعلتما ذلك فأتياني في كل يوم مرة لعلكما أن تتعظا ⦗١٦٩⦘ ففعلا لما مات قال وكان أخوه يركب في جنوده حتى يقف على القبر فينزل فيقرأ عليه ويبكي فلما كان في اليوم الثالث جاء كما كان يجيء مع الجنود فنزل فبكى كما كان يبكي فلما أراد ن أن ينصرف سمع هذة من داخل القبر كاد أن ينصدع لها قلبه قال فانصرف مذعورا فزعا وجلا فلما كان من الليل رأى أخاه في منامه فقال أي أخي ما الذي سمعت من قبرك قال تلك هذه المقمعة قيل لي رأيت مظلوما فلم تنصره قال فأصبح مهموما فدعى أخاه وخاصته وقال ما الذي أخي أراد بما أوصانا أن يكتب على قبره غيري وأشهدكم أني لا أقيم بين ظهرانيكم أبدا فترك الإمارة ولزم العبادة وكتب إلى عبد الملك في ذلك فكتب أن خلوه وما أراد قال وكان إنما يأوي إلى الجبال والبراري حتى حضرته الوفاة في بعض هذا الجبل وهو مع بعض الرعاة فبلغ أخاه ذلك وأتاه فقال أي أخي ألا توصي قال بما أوصي لا مال لي فأوصي به ولكن أعهد إليك عهدا إذا أنا مت فبوأني قبري فادفعني إلى جانب قبر أخي واكتب على قبري وكيف يلذ العيش من كان موقنا ... بأن المنايا بغتة ستعاجله فتسلبه ملكا عظيما وبهجة ... وتسكنه البيت الذي هو أهله ثم تعاهدني ثلاثا بعد موتي فادع الله لي أن يرحمني قال فمات ففعل به أخوه ذلك ⦗١٧٠⦘ فلما كان في اليوم الثالث في أثنائه أتاه فدعى له وبكى عنده فلما أراد أن ينصرف سمع وجبة من قبره كادت أن تذهل عقله فرجع مقلقلا فلما كان من الليل إذا بأخيه في منامه قد أتاه فقال ذلك الرجل فلما رأيت أخي وثبت إليه لما كان قد وجل قلبي فقلت أي أخي أتيتنا زائرا قال هيهات أخي بعد المزار فلا مزار واطمأنت بنا الدار قال قلت أي أخي كيف أنت قال بخير ما أجمع التوبة لكل خير قال فقلت وكيف أخي قال ذاك مع الأئمة الأبرار قال قلت فما أمرنا قبلكم قال من قدم شيئا وجده فاغتنم وجدك قبل فقدك قال فأصبح أخوه معتزلا للدنيا قد انخلع منها ففرق ماله وقسم رباعه وأقبل على طاعة الله قال فنشأ له ابن كأهنأ الشباب وجها وجمالا قال فأقبل على المكاسب والتجارة حتى بلغ منها الغاية قال وحضرت أباه الوفاة فقال له ابنه يا أبه ألا توصي فقال يا بني والله ما لأبيك مال فيوصي فيه ولكن أعهد إليك عهدا إذا أنا مت فادفني مع عمومك واكتب على قبري هذين البيتين ⦗١٧١⦘ وكيف يلذ العيش من هو صائرا ... إلى جدث تبلى التراب مناهله ويذهب وسم الوجه من بعد صورة ... ويبلى منه جسمه ومفاصله فإذا أنت فعلت ذلك فتعاهدني بنفسك ثلاثا وادع الله لي ففعل الفتى ذلك فلما كان يوم الثالث سمع من القبر صوتا فاقشعر له جلده وتغير له لونه ورجع منه مهموما إلى أهله فلما كان من الليل أتاه أبوه في منامه فقال أي بني أنت عندنا عن قليل والأمر بآخره والموت أقرب من ذلك فاستعد لسفرك وتأهب لرحيلك وحول جهازك من المنزل الذي أنت عنه ظاعن إلى المنزل الذي أنت فيه مقيم ولا تغتر بما اغتر به البطالون فتلك من طول آمالهم فقصروا عن أمر معادهم فندموا عند الموت أشد الندامة وأسفوا على تضييع العمر أشد الأسف فلا الندامة عند الموت نفعتهم ولا الأسف على التقصير أنقذهم من شر ما وافى به المغبونون مليكهم يوم القيامة أي بني فبادر ثم بادر ثم بادر.. . قال عبد الله بن صدقة قال أبي قال الشيخ الذي حدثني بهذا الحديث فدخلت على هذا الفتى صبيحة ليلة هذه الرؤيا فقصها علينا وقال ما أرى الأمر إلا كما قال ⦗١٧٢⦘ أبي ولا أرى الموت إلا قد أظلني قال فجعل يفرق ماله ويتصدق ويقضي ما عليه من الدين ويستحل خلطاؤه ومعامليه ويحللهم ويسلم عليهم ويودعهم ويودعونه كهيئة رجل أنذر بأمر فهو يتوقعه وكان يقول قال أبي فبادر ثم بادر ثم بادر فهذه ثلاث ساعات مضت فلست بها أو ثلاثة أيام وأنى إما بها أو ثلاثة أشهر وما أرى أدركها أو ثلاث سنين فهو أكثر من ذلك وما أحب أن يكون ذلك كذلك قال فلم يزل الفتى يعطي ويقسم ويتصدق ثلاثة أيام حتى إذا كان في آخر يوم الثالث من صبح ليلة هذه الرؤيا دعى أهله وولده فودعهم وسلم عليهم ثم استقبل القبلة فمدد نفسه وأغمض عينيه وتشهد شهادة الحق ثم مات ﵀ فمكث الناس حينا يأتون قبره من الأمصار يصلون عليه.

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