Al-Uqud al-Durriyya - Ibn Abd al-Hadi - (الكتاب/204)

Al-Uqud al-DurriyyaIbn Abd al-Hadi

He also said to the whole of the Children of Israel, as a reminder for us: “So fear Me alone.” (Q 2:40)

And He said: “Do not fear the people; fear Me.” (Q 5:44) And He said (1): “So that mankind may have no case against you—except those who have wronged themselves—so do not fear them; fear Me.” (Q 2:150) The Exalted also said: “Today those who disbelieve have despaired of your religion; so do not fear them, but fear Me.” (Q 5:3) He said as well: “The only ones who maintain the mosques of Allah are those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, establish prayer, give zakah, and fear none but Allah.” (Q 9:18) And He said: “Those who convey the messages of Allah, who fear Him and fear none save Allah.” (Q 33:39) And He said: “Will you not fight a people who have broken their oaths…?” until His words: “Do you fear them? Allah has a greater right that you should fear Him.” (Q 9:13)

This verse—namely (2) His statement, “When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a sickness said…” (Q 8:49)—demonstrates that the sickness and hypocrisy residing in the heart give rise to doubt about truthful reports that ought to free a person (3) from fear. They imagine those reports were merely a deception, exactly as occurred in the incident we are discussing.

Then the Exalted said: “And when a group of them said, ‘People of Yathrib, you have no place to stand, so turn back.’” (4)

(1) In manuscripts F and K the wording is “qala lana” (he said to us). (2) F and K read “wa huwa” (and he is). (3) F and K read “kufr” (disbelief). (4) The majority of Quran reciters pronounce the word with a fathah: “maqam,” whereas Hafs on the authority of Asim alone pronounces it with a dammah: “muqam.” See Ibn Mihran, al-Mabsut fi al-qiraat al-ashr, p. 300. The author himself adopts the fathah reading, as will become clear below.

وقال لِعموم بني إسرائيل تنبيهًا لنا: ﴿وَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٠]. وقال: ﴿فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤]، وقال (١): ﴿لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٠]، وقال تعالى: ﴿الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]، وقال: ﴿إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ﴾ [التوبة: ١٨]، وقالَ: ﴿الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّهَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٩]، وقال: ﴿أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ ... ﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ﴾ [التوبة: ١٣]. فدلَّت هذه الآية، وهي (٢) قوله تعالى: ﴿إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤٩] على أنَّ المرضَ والنفاقَ في القلب يوجب الرَّيبَ في الأنْباءِ الصادقة التي توجِبُ أمْنَ (٣) الإنسانِ من الخوف، حتَّى يظنوا أنها كانت غُرورًا لهم، كما وقع في حادثتنا هذه سواء. ثم قال تعالى: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَاأَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مَقَامَ (٤) لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا﴾

(١) (ف، ك): «قال لنا». (٢) (ف، ك»: «وهو». (٣) (ف، ك»: «كفر». (٤) قرأ عامة القراء بالفتح (مَقام)، وقرأ حفص عن عاصم وحده بالضم (مُقام). انظر «المبسوط في القراءات العشر»: (ص ٣٠٠) لابن مِهران. وقراءة الفتح هي التي ذكرها المؤلف كما هو واضح مما سيأتي.