or holding beliefs that contradict the truth and voicing what is untrue—both of which are impossible.
As for the first possibility, anyone whose heart contains even the faintest spark of life, who seeks knowledge, and who is eager for worship will make investigation of this subject, inquiry about it, and ascertaining (1) the truth concerning it his foremost (2) objective and his greatest (3) aspiration. Sound souls long for nothing more ardently than to know this matter; this is something known by innate, experiential instinct (4).
How, then, could it be imagined—when this motive, one of the strongest of motives, is present—that its natural effect should fail to manifest among those noble masters (5) in all of their successive generations (6)? Such a lapse would hardly occur among the dullest of people, those most averse to Allah, most absorbed in the pursuit of the world, and most heedless of His remembrance; so how could it possibly occur among them?
As for supposing that they held or voiced anything other than the truth in this regard, no Muslim—indeed, no rational person who knows their state—would ever believe that.
Moreover, the material transmitted from them on this topic is far too abundant to be set down in this single legal opinion, or even in many times its length; whoever seeks it out and traces it will come to know this.
Nor is it acceptable to claim that the later generations are more knowledgeable than the earlier ones, as some have alleged