5 – The First2: (the First, the Last, the Manifest, the Hidden)
He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—said: “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, explained these names fully and clearly, saying: ‘You are the First, and nothing precedes You; You are the Last, and nothing comes after You; You are the Manifest, and nothing is above You; You are the Hidden, and nothing is nearer than You.’3 The hadith continues.
He thus explained the full meaning of each name and excluded everything contrary to or incompatible with it.4 However far one imagines past periods extending backwards in an endless succession, Allah precedes them all; and however far one imagines any future time extending, Allah remains after it.
For this reason, none but Him deserves the designation ‘the Necessarily Existent.’5 Among His unique characteristics is that His existence and perfection are necessary: no one shares with Him this necessity of existence. He necessarily exists, with His perfect attributes, at all times. He is the One who brought time and all existing things into being, and they all depend upon Allah for their existence and continuance.6
The First indicates that everything besides Him came into existence after not existing. It requires the servant to recognize his Lord’s grace in every religious or worldly blessing, since both the cause and its effect come from Him, Most High.
The Last indicates that He is the ultimate end, the One on whom all depend, to whom creatures turn with their ta’ahhul, their longing, their fear, and all their requests.