Tafsir Asma Allah al-Husna li-al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Al-Muqaddim (the One Who Brings Forward), al-Muqīt (the Sustainer), al-Malik (the King), al-Muhaymin (the Guardian), al-Mu’akhkhir (the One Who Puts Back), al-Mu’min (the Granter of Security)

91 – Al-Muqaddim: (al-Muqaddim–al-Mu’akhkhir2)

The author, may Allah Most High have mercy on him, said: “Al-Muqaddim and al-Mu’akhkhir are among His most beautiful names that form complementary, contrasting pairs. Neither is applied to Allah on its own, but only together with the other, for perfection lies in their combination. He, Most High, brings forward whomever He wills and puts back whomever He wills, according to His wisdom.

This bringing forward may pertain to His ordering of creation, as when He places some creatures before others and others after them, or places causes before their effects and conditions before that which depends upon them.

The forms of bringing forward and putting back in creation and divine decree are an ocean without a shore. They may also pertain to religious merit: He has favoured the prophets above the rest of creation, favoured some prophets above others, and favoured some of His servants above others. He has given them precedence in knowledge, faith, deeds, character, and all other qualities, while placing others behind them in one or another of these respects. All of this accords with His wisdom.

These two attributes, and others like them, are attributes of His essence, because they subsist in Allah and He possesses them. They are also attributes of action, because bringing forward and putting back relate to created beings—their very beings, actions, meanings, and qualities—and arise from Allah’s will and power. This, then, is the classification

(1) Al-Haqq al-Wādih al-Mubīn, p. 67. (2) Among the last supplications the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would say between the tashahhud (testimony of faith) and the taslīm (closing salutation) was: “O Allah, forgive my past and future sins, what I have concealed and what I have made public, my excesses, and what You know better than I do. You are al-Muqaddim (the One who brings forward) and al-Mu’akhkhir (the One who puts back). There is no god but You.” Recorded by Muslim (1/535), Book of the Prayer of Travelers, chapter on supplication during the night prayer and vigil, from the hadith of ‘Alī (may Allah be pleased with him).
المقدم، المقيت، الملك، المهيمن، المؤخر، المؤمن ٩١ - المقدم: (المقدم- المؤخر٢) قال المؤلف رحمه الله تعالى: " المقدم والمؤخر من أسمائه الحسنى المزدوجة المتقابلة التي لا يطلق واحد بمفرده على الله إلا مقروناً بالآخر فإن الكمال من اجتماعهما فهو تعالى المقدم لمن شاء والمؤخر لمن شاء بحكمته. وهذا التقديم يكون كونياً كتقديم بعض المخلوقات على بعض وتأخير بعضها على بعض، وكتقديم الأسباب على مسبباتها والشروط على مشروطاتها. وأنواع التقديم والتأخير في الخلق، والتقدير بحر لا ساحل له، ويكون شرعياً كما فضل الأنبياء على الخلق، وفضل بعضهم على بعض، وفضل بعض عباده على بعض، وقدمهم في العلم، والإيمان، والعمل، والأخلاق، وسائر الأوصاف، وأخر من أخر منهم بشيء من ذلك وكل هذا تبع لحكمته وهذان الوصفان وما أشبههما من الصفات الذاتية لكونهما قائمين بالله والله متصف بهما، ومن صفات الأفعال لأن التقديم والتأخير متعلق بالمخلوقات ذواتها، وأفعالها، ومعانيها، وأوصافها، وهي ناشئة عن إرادة الله وقدرته، فهذا هو التقسيم
١ الحق الواضح المبين (ص٦٧). ٢ كان من آخر مايقول النبي ﷺ بين التشهد والتسليم: "اللهم اغفر لي ماقدمت وما أخرت وما أسررت وما أعلنت وما أسرفت، وما أنت أعلم به مني أنت المقدم وأنت المؤخر لا إله إلا أنت" أخرجه مسلم (١/ ٥٣٥) كتاب صلاة المسافرين باب الدعاء في صلاة الليل وقيامه من حديث علي ﵁.

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